Emmanuel Peprah

Associate Professor of Global and Environmental Health

Professional overview

Dr. Emmanuel Peprah’s research interests lie at the confluence of understanding what, why, and how some evidence-based interventions work in some populations and not others. The programattic focus of his research is understanding the contextual factors that influence the burden of co-morbidity in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH), with a particular focus on cardiovascular disease risk factors and mental health. As the burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) continues to increase, there is an opportunity to integrate NCD management into HIV care with implemention strategies that leverage the global infrasturcture designed to improve care delivery for PLWH. Dr. Peprah has built collaborations with multidisciplinary teams of investigators, both nationally and internationally, to address the high burden of comorbidity in PLWH globally.  He is also the founder of the Baakoye Foundation, a nonprofit philanthropic organization dedicated to serving people in sub-Saharan Africa, and co-founder of the Washington Leaders Index (WLI), which aims to empower the next generation of emerging leaders through active, innovative, and inclusive leadership programs. Both nonprofit organizations serve the needs of children and people globally within the domains of education and health.

Before joining GPH, Dr. Peprah was a senior program official at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), where he worked with senior leadership to oversee strategic planning, initiative development, and implementation of research priorities in the areas of translational research, implementation science, and global health. He led and managed HIV/AIDS programs and a $10 million portfolio as part of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine Program. He was instrumental in launching the Human, Heredity, and Health in Africa (H3Africa) Initiative, a multimillion trans-NIH program, and served on its executive board. Dr. Peprah has received several awards for strategic planning, management, and implementation of large-scale NIH programs.

Education

BS, Biology, Texas A&M University, Commerce, TX

PhD, Molecular Biology & Biomedical Science, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN

Honors and awards

NIH Director’s Award for Leadership H3Africa Stage II Team: For exceptional leadership and dedication in implementing Stage II of the Human Heredity and Health in Africa program (2018)

NHLBI’s Director's for Outstanding Service (2018)

NHLBI’s Director's for Outstanding Service Partnership/Collaboration Award for bringing multiple disciplines together to understand HIV-related co-morbidities and prepare for the challenges presented by the complex conditions of the new HIV era (2018)

NHLBI’s Director's for Outstanding Translational Science Award for demonstrating exemplary leadership and service in advancing translation research (2017)

Federal Service Career Promotion (2016)

NHLBI’s Director's for Outstanding Translational Science Award as part of the Center for Translational Research and Implementation Science (CTRIS) Leadership Team for demonstrating exemplary leadership and service in advancing CTRIS’s translation (2016)

NHLBI’s Director's for Breath of Fresh Air (Innovation) award for exemplary work evaluating NHLBI’s support for multi-project research grants and proposing creative and innovative enhancements to the NHLBI’s program project grants (PPG) (2016)

NHLBI’s Director's for Learning Environment Award for fostering a learning environment through effective administration, knowledge sharing, and thoughtful implementation of the NHLBI R35 Program (2016)

NHLBI’s Director's for Partnership/Collaboration in recognition of outstanding collaborative efforts in developing a conceptual framework for the NHLBI R35 program to provide greater funding stability and flexibility to investigators (2015)

NIH Director's Common Fund Leadership Award for the NIH Common Fund Early Independence Award Program (2013)

NIH Director's Award as a member of the Common Fund Global Health Leadership Team for outstanding service in the coordination of the Common Fund Global Health Initiatives (2012)

Certificate of Appreciation for Invited Presenter, NIH Seminar Series, STEM Careers (2012)

Certificate of Appreciation for Invited Presenter, Washington Mathematics Science Technology Public Charter High School, Washington, DC (2012)

Leadership Award, Postdoctoral Fellows Research Symposium Committee, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (2008)

Areas of research and study

Dissemination and Implementation of Evidence-based Programs

HIV/AIDS

Implementation science

Inter-organizational Networks

Translational science

Publications

Publications

Joyce Gyamfi, Emmanuel Peprah, Gbenga Ogedegbe. Mapping implementation strategies for delivering evidence-based hypertension interventions in low-middle income countries: Evidence from a multi-country consortium for hypertension control. American Public Health Association (APHA) – Annual Meeting. October 24-27, 2021. (Poster)

Peprah, E. (n.d.).

Publication year

2021

Abstract

Abstract

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Joyce Gyamfi, Siphra Tampubolon, Justin Lee, Farha Islam, Temitope Ojo, Jumoke Opeyemi, Yuki Qiao, Andi Mai, Dorice Vieira, Emmanuel Peprah. Characterization of Medical Conditions of Children with Sickle Cell Disease in the United States: Findings from the 2007-2018 National Health Interview Surveys (NHIS). American Society of Hematology 63rd ASH Annual Meeting 2021. GA, United States; Dec 11-14, 2021.(Poster & Oral Presentation)

Peprah, E. (n.d.).

Publication year

2021

Abstract

Abstract

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Joyce Gyamfi, Siphra Tampubolon, Justin Lee, Farha Islam, Temitope Ojo, Jumoke Opeyemi, Yuki Qiao, Andi Mai, Dorice Vieira, Emmanuel Peprah. Characterization of Neurological Conditions of Children with Sickle Cell Disease in the United States: Findings from the 2007-2018 National Health Interview Surveys (NHIS). American Society of Hematology 63rd ASH Annual Meeting. GA, United States; Dec 11-14, 2021.(Poster)

Peprah, E. (n.d.).

Publication year

2021

Abstract

Abstract

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Judy Fordjuoh, Himani Chhetri, Rodina Mohamed, Chloe Ambrose, Khady Ndiaye, Shreya Meda, Dorice Vieria, Chukwuemeka Iloegbu, John Patena, Joyce Gyamfi, Emmanuel Peprah. The intersection between female-related cancer screenings and improving maternal health in LMIC: A systematic review. APHA 2023. Nov 12-16 2023: Atlanta, GA (Poster)

Peprah, E. (n.d.).

Publication year

2023

Abstract

Abstract

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Mapping age- and sex-specific HIV prevalence in adults in sub-Saharan Africa, 2000-2018

Peprah, E., Local Burden Dis Sub-Saharan Afric, A., Haeuser, E., Serfes, A., Cork, M., Yang, M., Abbastabar, H., Abhilash, E., Adabi, M., Adebayo, O., Adekanmbi, V., Adeyinka, D., Afzal, S., Ahinkorah, B., Ahmadi, K., Ahmed, M., Akalu, Y., Akinyemi, R., Akunna, C., … Zhang, Y. (n.d.).

Publication year

2022

Journal title

BMC Medicine

Volume

20

Issue

1

10.1186/s12916-022-02639-z

Abstract

Abstract

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Mapping age- and sex-specific HIV prevalence in adults in sub-Saharan Africa, 2000-2018

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Publication year

2022

Journal title

BMC medicine

Volume

20

Issue

1

Page(s)

488

Abstract

Abstract

Human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is still among the leading causes of disease burden and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), and the world is not on track to meet targets set for ending the epidemic by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Precise HIV burden information is critical for effective geographic and epidemiological targeting of prevention and treatment interventions. Age- and sex-specific HIV prevalence estimates are widely available at the national level, and region-wide local estimates were recently published for adults overall. We add further dimensionality to previous analyses by estimating HIV prevalence at local scales, stratified into sex-specific 5-year age groups for adults ages 15-59 years across SSA.

Mapping age- and sex-specific HIV prevalence in adults in sub-Saharan Africa, 2000–2018

Peprah, E. (n.d.).

Publication year

2022

Journal title

BMC Medicine

Volume

20

Issue

1

10.1186/s12916-022-02639-z

Abstract

Abstract

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is still among the leading causes of disease burden and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), and the world is not on track to meet targets set for ending the epidemic by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Precise HIV burden information is critical for effective geographic and epidemiological targeting of prevention and treatment interventions. Age- and sex-specific HIV prevalence estimates are widely available at the national level, and region-wide local estimates were recently published for adults overall. We add further dimensionality to previous analyses by estimating HIV prevalence at local scales, stratified into sex-specific 5-year age groups for adults ages 15–59 years across SSA. Methods: We analyzed data from 91 seroprevalence surveys and sentinel surveillance among antenatal care clinic (ANC) attendees using model-based geostatistical methods to produce estimates of HIV prevalence across 43 countries in SSA, from years 2000 to 2018, at a 5 × 5-km resolution and presented among second administrative level (typically districts or counties) units. Results: We found substantial variation in HIV prevalence across localities, ages, and sexes that have been masked in earlier analyses. Within-country variation in prevalence in 2018 was a median 3.5 times greater across ages and sexes, compared to for all adults combined. We note large within-district prevalence differences between age groups: for men, 50% of districts displayed at least a 14-fold difference between age groups with the highest and lowest prevalence, and at least a 9-fold difference for women. Prevalence trends also varied over time; between 2000 and 2018, 70% of all districts saw a reduction in prevalence greater than five percentage points in at least one sex and age group. Meanwhile, over 30% of all districts saw at least a five percentage point prevalence increase in one or more sex and age group. Conclusions: As the HIV epidemic persists and evolves in SSA, geographic and demographic shifts in prevention and treatment efforts are necessary. These estimates offer epidemiologically informative detail to better guide more targeted interventions, vital for combating HIV in SSA.

Mapping subnational HIV mortality in six Latin American countries with incomplete vital registration systems

Cork, M. A., Henry, N. J., Watson, S., Croneberger, A. J., Baumann, M., Letourneau, I. D., Yang, M., Serfes, A. L., Abbas, J., Abbasi, N., Abbastabar, H., Abreu, L. G., Abu-Gharbieh, E., Achappa, B., Adabi, M., Adal, T. G., Adegbosin, A. E., Adekanmbi, V., Adetokunboh, O. O., … Dwyer-Lindgren, L. (n.d.).

Publication year

2021

Journal title

BMC Medicine

Volume

19

Issue

1

10.1186/s12916-020-01876-4

Abstract

Abstract

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a public health priority in Latin America. While the burden of HIV is historically concentrated in urban areas and high-risk groups, subnational estimates that cover multiple countries and years are missing. This paucity is partially due to incomplete vital registration (VR) systems and statistical challenges related to estimating mortality rates in areas with low numbers of HIV deaths. In this analysis, we address this gap and provide novel estimates of the HIV mortality rate and the number of HIV deaths by age group, sex, and municipality in Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, and Mexico. Methods: We performed an ecological study using VR data ranging from 2000 to 2017, dependent on individual country data availability. We modeled HIV mortality using a Bayesian spatially explicit mixed-effects regression model that incorporates prior information on VR completeness. We calibrated our results to the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Results: All countries displayed over a 40-fold difference in HIV mortality between municipalities with the highest and lowest age-standardized HIV mortality rate in the last year of study for men, and over a 20-fold difference for women. Despite decreases in national HIV mortality in all countries—apart from Ecuador—across the period of study, we found broad variation in relative changes in HIV mortality at the municipality level and increasing relative inequality over time in all countries. In all six countries included in this analysis, 50% or more HIV deaths were concentrated in fewer than 10% of municipalities in the latest year of study. In addition, national age patterns reflected shifts in mortality to older age groups—the median age group among decedents ranged from 30 to 45 years of age at the municipality level in Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico in 2017. Conclusions: Our subnational estimates of HIV mortality revealed significant spatial variation and diverging local trends in HIV mortality over time and by age. This analysis provides a framework for incorporating data and uncertainty from incomplete VR systems and can help guide more geographically precise public health intervention to support HIV-related care and reduce HIV-related deaths.

Measuring progress from 1990 to 2017 and projecting attainment to 2030 of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals for 195 countries and territories : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Peprah, E. (n.d.).

Publication year

2018

Journal title

The Lancet

Volume

392

Issue

10159

Page(s)

2091-2138

10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32281-5

Abstract

Abstract

Background: Efforts to establish the 2015 baseline and monitor early implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) highlight both great potential for and threats to improving health by 2030. To fully deliver on the SDG aim of “leaving no one behind”, it is increasingly important to examine the health-related SDGs beyond national-level estimates. As part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017), we measured progress on 41 of 52 health-related SDG indicators and estimated the health-related SDG index for 195 countries and territories for the period 1990–2017, projected indicators to 2030, and analysed global attainment. Methods: We measured progress on 41 health-related SDG indicators from 1990 to 2017, an increase of four indicators since GBD 2016 (new indicators were health worker density, sexual violence by non-intimate partners, population census status, and prevalence of physical and sexual violence [reported separately]). We also improved the measurement of several previously reported indicators. We constructed national-level estimates and, for a subset of health-related SDGs, examined indicator-level differences by sex and Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile. We also did subnational assessments of performance for selected countries. To construct the health-related SDG index, we transformed the value for each indicator on a scale of 0–100, with 0 as the 2·5th percentile and 100 as the 97·5th percentile of 1000 draws calculated from 1990 to 2030, and took the geometric mean of the scaled indicators by target. To generate projections through 2030, we used a forecasting framework that drew estimates from the broader GBD study and used weighted averages of indicator-specific and country-specific annualised rates of change from 1990 to 2017 to inform future estimates. We assessed attainment of indicators with defined targets in two ways: first, using mean values projected for 2030, and then using the probability of attainment in 2030 calculated from 1000 draws. We also did a global attainment analysis of the feasibility of attaining SDG targets on the basis of past trends. Using 2015 global averages of indicators with defined SDG targets, we calculated the global annualised rates of change required from 2015 to 2030 to meet these targets, and then identified in what percentiles the required global annualised rates of change fell in the distribution of country-level rates of change from 1990 to 2015. We took the mean of these global percentile values across indicators and applied the past rate of change at this mean global percentile to all health-related SDG indicators, irrespective of target definition, to estimate the equivalent 2030 global average value and percentage change from 2015 to 2030 for each indicator. Findings: The global median health-related SDG index in 2017 was 59·4 (IQR 35·4–67·3), ranging from a low of 11·6 (95% uncertainty interval 9·6–14·0) to a high of 84·9 (83·1–86·7). SDG index values in countries assessed at the subnational level varied substantially, particularly in China and India, although scores in Japan and the UK were more homogeneous. Indicators also varied by SDI quintile and sex, with males having worse outcomes than females for non-communicable disease (NCD) mortality, alcohol use, and smoking, among others. Most countries were projected to have a higher health-related SDG index in 2030 than in 2017, while country-level probabilities of attainment by 2030 varied widely by indicator. Under-5 mortality, neonatal mortality, maternal mortality ratio, and malaria indicators had the most countries with at least 95% probability of target attainment. Other indicators, including NCD mortality and suicide mortality, had no countries projected to meet corresponding SDG targets on the basis of projected mean values for 2030 but showed some probability of attainment by 2030. For some indicators, including child malnutrition, several infectious diseases, and most violence measures, the annualised rates of change required to meet SDG targets far exceeded the pace of progress achieved by any country in the recent past. We found that applying the mean global annualised rate of change to indicators without defined targets would equate to about 19% and 22% reductions in global smoking and alcohol consumption, respectively; a 47% decline in adolescent birth rates; and a more than 85% increase in health worker density per 1000 population by 2030. Interpretation: The GBD study offers a unique, robust platform for monitoring the health-related SDGs across demographic and geographic dimensions. Our findings underscore the importance of increased collection and analysis of disaggregated data and highlight where more deliberate design or targeting of interventions could accelerate progress in attaining the SDGs. Current projections show that many health-related SDG indicators, NCDs, NCD-related risks, and violence-related indicators will require a concerted shift away from what might have driven past gains—curative interventions in the case of NCDs—towards multisectoral, prevention-oriented policy action and investments to achieve SDG aims. Notably, several targets, if they are to be met by 2030, demand a pace of progress that no country has achieved in the recent past. The future is fundamentally uncertain, and no model can fully predict what breakthroughs or events might alter the course of the SDGs. What is clear is that our actions—or inaction—today will ultimately dictate how close the world, collectively, can get to leaving no one behind by 2030. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Measuring universal health coverage based on an index of effective coverage of health services in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Lozano, R., Fullman, N., Mumford, J. E., Knight, M., Barthelemy, C. M., Abbafati, C., Abbastabar, H., Abd-Allah, F., Abdollahi, M., Abedi, A., Abolhassani, H., Abosetugn, A. E., Abreu, L. G., Abrigo, M. R., Abu Haimed, A. K., Abushouk, A. I., Adabi, M., Adebayo, O. M., Adekanmbi, V., … Murray, C. J. (n.d.).

Publication year

2020

Journal title

The Lancet

Volume

396

Issue

10258

Page(s)

1250-1284

10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30750-9

Abstract

Abstract

Background: Achieving universal health coverage (UHC) involves all people receiving the health services they need, of high quality, without experiencing financial hardship. Making progress towards UHC is a policy priority for both countries and global institutions, as highlighted by the agenda of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and WHO's Thirteenth General Programme of Work (GPW13). Measuring effective coverage at the health-system level is important for understanding whether health services are aligned with countries' health profiles and are of sufficient quality to produce health gains for populations of all ages. Methods: Based on the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we assessed UHC effective coverage for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Drawing from a measurement framework developed through WHO's GPW13 consultation, we mapped 23 effective coverage indicators to a matrix representing health service types (eg, promotion, prevention, and treatment) and five population-age groups spanning from reproductive and newborn to older adults (≥65 years). Effective coverage indicators were based on intervention coverage or outcome-based measures such as mortality-to-incidence ratios to approximate access to quality care; outcome-based measures were transformed to values on a scale of 0–100 based on the 2·5th and 97·5th percentile of location-year values. We constructed the UHC effective coverage index by weighting each effective coverage indicator relative to its associated potential health gains, as measured by disability-adjusted life-years for each location-year and population-age group. For three tests of validity (content, known-groups, and convergent), UHC effective coverage index performance was generally better than that of other UHC service coverage indices from WHO (ie, the current metric for SDG indicator 3.8.1 on UHC service coverage), the World Bank, and GBD 2017. We quantified frontiers of UHC effective coverage performance on the basis of pooled health spending per capita, representing UHC effective coverage index levels achieved in 2019 relative to country-level government health spending, prepaid private expenditures, and development assistance for health. To assess current trajectories towards the GPW13 UHC billion target—1 billion more people benefiting from UHC by 2023—we estimated additional population equivalents with UHC effective coverage from 2018 to 2023. Findings: Globally, performance on the UHC effective coverage index improved from 45·8 (95% uncertainty interval 44·2–47·5) in 1990 to 60·3 (58·7–61·9) in 2019, yet country-level UHC effective coverage in 2019 still spanned from 95 or higher in Japan and Iceland to lower than 25 in Somalia and the Central African Republic. Since 2010, sub-Saharan Africa showed accelerated gains on the UHC effective coverage index (at an average increase of 2·6% [1·9–3·3] per year up to 2019); by contrast, most other GBD super-regions had slowed rates of progress in 2010–2019 relative to 1990–2010. Many countries showed lagging performance on effective coverage indicators for non-communicable diseases relative to those for communicable diseases and maternal and child health, despite non-communicable diseases accounting for a greater proportion of potential health gains in 2019, suggesting that many health systems are not keeping pace with the rising non-communicable disease burden and associated population health needs. In 2019, the UHC effective coverage index was associated with pooled health spending per capita (r=0·79), although countries across the development spectrum had much lower UHC effective coverage than is potentially achievable relative to their health spending. Under maximum efficiency of translating health spending into UHC effective coverage performance, countries would need to reach $1398 pooled health spending per capita (US$ adjusted for purchasing power parity) in order to achieve 80 on the UHC effective coverage index. From 2018 to 2023, an estimated 388·9 million (358·6–421·3) more population equivalents would have UHC effective coverage, falling well short of the GPW13 target of 1 billion more people benefiting from UHC during this time. Current projections point to an estimated 3·1 billion (3·0–3·2) population equivalents still lacking UHC effective coverage in 2023, with nearly a third (968·1 million [903·5–1040·3]) residing in south Asia. Interpretation: The present study demonstrates the utility of measuring effective coverage and its role in supporting improved health outcomes for all people—the ultimate goal of UHC and its achievement. Global ambitions to accelerate progress on UHC service coverage are increasingly unlikely unless concerted action on non-communicable diseases occurs and countries can better translate health spending into improved performance. Focusing on effective coverage and accounting for the world's evolving health needs lays the groundwork for better understanding how close—or how far—all populations are in benefiting from UHC. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Nature’s toll: The effect of climate anomalies and ambient air pollution on spontaneous miscarriage in Ghana. Journal: Communications Earth & Environment

Amegbor, P. M., Yankey, O., & Peprah, E. (n.d.).

Publication year

2025

Journal title

Nature Communications Earth & Environment

Abstract

Abstract

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Nessa Ryan, Anya Snyder, Joyce Gyamfi, Temitope Ojo, and Emmanuel Peprah. Structural racism and maternal health in the US: successes and challenges of intervention and implementation strategies. 2020 New York State Public Health Association Public Health Partnership Conference “Food. Water. Air. Protecting Where We Live, Work and Play”. Niagara Falls, NY. April 29-May 1, 2020. (Poster) 

Peprah, E. (n.d.).

Publication year

2020

Abstract

Abstract

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Nessa Ryan, Anya Snyder, Siphra Tampubolon, Emmanuel Peprah. Successes and challenges of intervention and implementation strategies addressing maternal health and racism in the US: A scoping review. International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) – XXIII World Congress on Gynecology and Obstetrics. October 24-28, 2021. (Poster)

Peprah, E. (n.d.).

Publication year

2021

Abstract

Abstract

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Nessa Ryan, Dorice Vieira, Dena Goffman, Evan Chioma Egekeze, Anya Snyder, Magdalena Lyimo, Obiageli Nnodu, Emmanuel Peprah. Successes and challenges of intervention and implementation strategies addressing maternal health and racism in the US: A scoping review. International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) XXIII World Congress on Gynecology and Obstetrics. October 24-28, 2021. (Poster)

Peprah, E. (n.d.).

Publication year

2021

Abstract

Abstract

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Nessa Ryan, Dorice Vieira, Dena Goffman, Evan M. Bloch, Godwin O. Akaba, Brenda S. D’mello, Chioma Egekeze, Anya Snyder, Magdalena Lyimo, Obiageli Nnodu, Emmanuel Peprah. Innovation in policy and program implementation to prevent obstetric hemorrhage in low/middle-income countries: a systematic review. 2020 "Creating the Healthiest Nation: Preventing Violence". American Public Health Association, San Francisco, CA Oct. 24-28, 2020. (Poster)

Peprah, E. (n.d.).

Publication year

2020

Abstract

Abstract

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Nessa Ryan, Dorice Vieira, Joyce Gyamfi, Temitope Ojo, Emmanuel Peprah. ASSESS: A comprehensive tool to support reporting and critical appraisal of qualitative, quantitative, and/or mixed methods implementation research outcomes. 13th Annual Conference on the Science of Dissemination and Implementation in Health. December 15-17, 2020.  (Poster)

Peprah, E. (n.d.).

Publication year

2020

Abstract

Abstract

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Nessa Ryan, Dorice Vieira, Temitope Ojo, Joyce Gyamfi, Emmanuel Peprah. Validating ASSESS: A comprehenSive tool to Support rEporting and critical appraiSal of qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods implementation reSearch outcomes. American Public Health Association (APHA) – Annual Meeting; October 24-27, 2021. (Poster)

Peprah, E. (n.d.).

Publication year

2021

Abstract

Abstract

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Nessa Ryan, Dorice Vieira, William, Harshit, Emmanuel Peprah. Intersecting strategies to address maternal health and non-communicable diseases in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review of reviews. 2020 "Creating the Healthiest Nation: Preventing Violence". American Public Health Association, San Francisco, CA Oct. 24-28, 2020. (Poster)

Peprah, E. (n.d.).

Publication year

2020

Abstract

Abstract

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Nessa Ryan, Lotanna Dike, Emmanuel Peprah. Systematic review of cost, availability, and utilization of hydroxyurea (HU) in low-and-middle income countries (LMICs). 12th Annual Conference on the Science of Dissemination and Implementation in Health. Arlington, VA. December 4-6, 2019. (Poster)

Peprah, E. (n.d.).

Publication year

2019

Abstract

Abstract

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Nessa Ryan, William Nkemdirim, Harshit Nanda, Dorice Vieria, Emmanuel Peprah. Intersecting strategies to address maternal health and non-communicable diseases in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review of reviews. 12th Annual Consortium of Universities for Global Health (CUGH) Global Health Conference; March 12-14, 2021. (Virtual Presentation)

Peprah, E. (n.d.).

Publication year

2021

Abstract

Abstract

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Noncommunicable diseases among HIV-infected persons in low-income and middle-income countries : A systematic review and meta-analysis

Patel, P., Rose, C. E., Collins, P. Y., Nuche-Berenguer, B., Sahasrabuddhe, V. V., Peprah, E., Vorkoper, S., Pastakia, S. D., Rausch, D., & Levitt, N. S. (n.d.).

Publication year

2018

Journal title

AIDS

Volume

32

Page(s)

S5-S20

10.1097/QAD.0000000000001888

Abstract

Abstract

Objective: To appropriately identify and treat noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) among persons living with HIV (PLHIV) in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs), it is imperative to understand the burden of NCDs among PLHIV in LMICs and the current management of the diseases. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: We examined peer-reviewed literature published between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2016 to assess currently available evidence regarding HIV and four selected NCDs (cardiovascular disease, cervical cancer, depression, and diabetes) in LMICs with a focus on sub-Saharan Africa. The databases, PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Review, and Scopus, were searched to identify relevant literature. For conditions with adequate data available, pooled estimates for prevalence were generated using random fixed effects models. Results: Six thousand one hundred and forty-three abstracts were reviewed, 377 had potentially relevant prevalence data and 141 were included in the summary; 57 were selected for quantitative analysis. Pooled estimates for NCD prevalence were hypertension 21.2% (95% CI 16.3-27.1), hypercholesterolemia 22.2% (95% CI 14.7-32.1), elevated low-density lipoprotein 23.2% (95% CI 15.2-33.6), hypertriglyceridemia 27.2% (95% CI 20.7-34.8), low high-density lipoprotein 52.3% (95% CI 35.6-62.8), obesity 7.8% (95% CI 4.3-13.9), and depression 24.4% (95% CI 12.5-42.1). Invasive cervical cancer and diabetes prevalence were 1.3-1.7 and 1.3-18%, respectively. Few NCD-HIV integrated programs with screening and management approaches that are contextually appropriate for resource-limited settings exist. Conclusion: Improved data collection and surveillance of NCDs among PLHIV in LMICs are necessary to inform integrated HIV/NCD care models. Although efforts to integrate care exist, further research is needed to optimize the efficacy of these programs.

Opportunities and Challenges in Chronic Chagas Cardiomyopathy

Mensah, G. A., Burns, K. M., Peprah, E., Sampson, U. K., & Engelgau, M. M. (n.d.).

Publication year

2015

Journal title

Global Heart

Volume

10

Issue

3

Page(s)

203-207

10.1016/j.gheart.2015.08.001

Abstract

Abstract

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Perspectives from NHLBI Global Health Think Tank Meeting for Late Stage (T4) Translation Research

Engelgau, M. M., Peprah, E., Sampson, U. K., Mishoe, H., Benjamin, I. J., Douglas, P. S., Hochman, J. S., Ridker, P. M., Brandes, N., Checkley, W., El-Saharty, S., Ezzati, M., Hennis, A., Jiang, L., Krumholz, H. M., Lamourelle, G., Makani, J., Narayan, K. M., Ohene-Frempong, K., … Mensah, G. A. (n.d.).

Publication year

2017

Journal title

Global Heart

Volume

12

Issue

4

Page(s)

341-348

10.1016/j.gheart.2016.03.640

Abstract

Abstract

Almost three-quarters (74%) of all the noncommunicable disease burden is found within low- and middle-income countries. In September 2014, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute held a Global Health Think Tank meeting to obtain expert advice and recommendations for addressing compelling scientific questions for late stage (T4) research—research that studies implementation strategies for proven effective interventions—to inform and guide the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's global health research and training efforts. Major themes emerged in two broad categories: 1) developing research capacity; and 2) efficiently defining compelling scientific questions within the local context. Compelling scientific questions included how to deliver inexpensive, scalable, and sustainable interventions using alternative health delivery models that leverage existing human capital, technologies and therapeutics, and entrepreneurial strategies. These broad themes provide perspectives that inform an overarching strategy needed to reduce the heart, lung, blood, and sleep disorders disease burden and global health disparities.

Pharmacogenomics of Drugs Used in β-Thalassemia and Sickle-Cell Disease : From Basic Research to Clinical Applications

Gambari, R., Waziri, A. D., Goonasekera, H., & Peprah, E. (n.d.).

Publication year

2024

Journal title

International journal of molecular sciences

Volume

25

Issue

8

10.3390/ijms25084263

Abstract

Abstract

In this short review we have presented and discussed studies on pharmacogenomics (also termed pharmacogenetics) of the drugs employed in the treatment of β-thalassemia or Sickle-cell disease (SCD). This field of investigation is relevant, since it is expected to help clinicians select the appropriate drug and the correct dosage for each patient. We first discussed the search for DNA polymorphisms associated with a high expression of γ-globin genes and identified this using GWAS studies and CRISPR-based gene editing approaches. We then presented validated DNA polymorphisms associated with a high HbF production (including, but not limited to the HBG2 XmnI polymorphism and those related to the BCL11A, MYB, KLF-1, and LYAR genes). The expression of microRNAs involved in the regulation of γ-globin genes was also presented in the context of pharmacomiRNomics. Then, the pharmacogenomics of validated fetal hemoglobin inducers (hydroxyurea, butyrate and butyrate analogues, thalidomide, and sirolimus), of iron chelators, and of analgesics in the pain management of SCD patients were considered. Finally, we discuss current clinical trials, as well as international research networks focusing on clinical issues related to pharmacogenomics in hematological diseases.

Population and fertility by age and sex for 195 countries and territories, 1950–2017 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Peprah, E. (n.d.).

Publication year

2018

Journal title

The Lancet

Volume

392

Issue

10159

Page(s)

1995-2051

10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32278-5

Abstract

Abstract

Background: Population estimates underpin demographic and epidemiological research and are used to track progress on numerous international indicators of health and development. To date, internationally available estimates of population and fertility, although useful, have not been produced with transparent and replicable methods and do not use standardised estimates of mortality. We present single-calendar year and single-year of age estimates of fertility and population by sex with standardised and replicable methods. Methods: We estimated population in 195 locations by single year of age and single calendar year from 1950 to 2017 with standardised and replicable methods. We based the estimates on the demographic balancing equation, with inputs of fertility, mortality, population, and migration data. Fertility data came from 7817 location-years of vital registration data, 429 surveys reporting complete birth histories, and 977 surveys and censuses reporting summary birth histories. We estimated age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs; the annual number of livebirths to women of a specified age group per 1000 women in that age group) by use of spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression and used the ASFRs to estimate total fertility rates (TFRs; the average number of children a woman would bear if she survived through the end of the reproductive age span [age 10–54 years] and experienced at each age a particular set of ASFRs observed in the year of interest). Because of sparse data, fertility at ages 10–14 years and 50–54 years was estimated from data on fertility in women aged 15–19 years and 45–49 years, through use of linear regression. Age-specific mortality data came from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 estimates. Data on population came from 1257 censuses and 761 population registry location-years and were adjusted for underenumeration and age misreporting with standard demographic methods. Migration was estimated with the GBD Bayesian demographic balancing model, after incorporating information about refugee migration into the model prior. Final population estimates used the cohort-component method of population projection, with inputs of fertility, mortality, and migration data. Population uncertainty was estimated by use of out-of-sample predictive validity testing. With these data, we estimated the trends in population by age and sex and in fertility by age between 1950 and 2017 in 195 countries and territories. Findings: From 1950 to 2017, TFRs decreased by 49·4% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 46·4–52·0). The TFR decreased from 4·7 livebirths (4·5–4·9) to 2·4 livebirths (2·2–2·5), and the ASFR of mothers aged 10–19 years decreased from 37 livebirths (34–40) to 22 livebirths (19–24) per 1000 women. Despite reductions in the TFR, the global population has been increasing by an average of 83·8 million people per year since 1985. The global population increased by 197·2% (193·3–200·8) since 1950, from 2·6 billion (2·5–2·6) to 7·6 billion (7·4–7·9) people in 2017; much of this increase was in the proportion of the global population in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. The global annual rate of population growth increased between 1950 and 1964, when it peaked at 2·0%; this rate then remained nearly constant until 1970 and then decreased to 1·1% in 2017. Population growth rates in the southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania GBD super-region decreased from 2·5% in 1963 to 0·7% in 2017, whereas in sub-Saharan Africa, population growth rates were almost at the highest reported levels ever in 2017, when they were at 2·7%. The global average age increased from 26·6 years in 1950 to 32·1 years in 2017, and the proportion of the population that is of working age (age 15–64 years) increased from 59·9% to 65·3%. At the national level, the TFR decreased in all countries and territories between 1950 and 2017; in 2017, TFRs ranged from a low of 1·0 livebirths (95% UI 0·9–1·2) in Cyprus to a high of 7·1 livebirths (6·8–7·4) in Niger. The TFR under age 25 years (TFU25; number of livebirths expected by age 25 years for a hypothetical woman who survived the age group and was exposed to current ASFRs) in 2017 ranged from 0·08 livebirths (0·07–0·09) in South Korea to 2·4 livebirths (2·2–2·6) in Niger, and the TFR over age 30 years (TFO30; number of livebirths expected for a hypothetical woman ageing from 30 to 54 years who survived the age group and was exposed to current ASFRs) ranged from a low of 0·3 livebirths (0·3–0·4) in Puerto Rico to a high of 3·1 livebirths (3·0–3·2) in Niger. TFO30 was higher than TFU25 in 145 countries and territories in 2017. 33 countries had a negative population growth rate from 2010 to 2017, most of which were located in central, eastern, and western Europe, whereas population growth rates of more than 2·0% were seen in 33 of 46 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. In 2017, less than 65% of the national population was of working age in 12 of 34 high-income countries, and less than 50% of the national population was of working age in Mali, Chad, and Niger. Interpretation: Population trends create demographic dividends and headwinds (ie, economic benefits and detriments) that affect national economies and determine national planning needs. Although TFRs are decreasing, the global population continues to grow as mortality declines, with diverse patterns at the national level and across age groups. To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide transparent and replicable estimates of population and fertility, which can be used to inform decision making and to monitor progress. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.