David B Abrams

Professor of Social and Behavioral Sciences

Professional overview

Dr. David Abrams' career focuses on systems and social learning frameworks to inform population health enhancement. He has experience in testing theory, research design, measuring mechanisms of behavior change and outcome, and evaluating clinical trials (behavioral and pharmacological). His interests span topics from basic bio-behavioral mechanisms and clinical treatments to policy across risk factors and behaviors (e.g. tobacco/nicotine; alcohol, obesity, co-morbidity of medical and mental health), disease states (cancer; cardiovascular; HIV-AIDS), levels (biological, individual, organizational, worksite, community, global, and internet based), populations and disparities. His interests converge in the domain of implementation science to cost-efficiently inform evidence-based public health practice and policymaking.

Through transdisciplinary and translational research strategies, Dr. Abrams provides scientific leadership in tobacco control. His current focus is in strengthening global and United States tobacco and nicotine management strategies. Deaths of 1 billion smokers are estimated by 2100 caused overwhelmingly by use of combustible (smoked) tobacco products, not nicotine. Harm minimization is a key overarching systems strategy to speed the net public health benefit of emergent disruptive technologies for cleaner nicotine delivery. The goal is more rapid elimination of preventable deaths, disease burdens, and the widening gap in health disparities driven disproportionately by disparities in smoking.

Dr. Abrams was a professor and founding director of the Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine at Brown University Medical School. He then directed the Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Until 2017, he was Professor of Health Behavior and Society at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and the founding Executive Director of the Schroeder National Institute of Tobacco Research and Policy Studies at Truth Initiative (formerly the American Legacy Foundation).

Dr. Abrams has published over 250 peer reviewed scholarly articles and been a Principal Investigator on numerous NIH grants. He is lead author of The Tobacco Dependence Treatment Handbook: A Guide to Best Practices. He has served on expert panels at NIH and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine on Obesity, Alcohol Misuse and Ending the Tobacco Problem: A Blueprint for the Nation. He has also served on the Board of Scientific Advisors of the National Cancer Institute (NIH-NCI) and was President of the Society of Behavioral Medicine.

For a complete list of Dr. Abrams' published work, click here.

Education

BSc (Hons), Psychology and Computer Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

MS, Clinical Psychology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ

PhD, Clinical Psychology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ

Postdoctoral Fellow, Brown Medical School, Providence, RI

Honors and awards

Research Laureate Award, American Academy of Health Behavior (2014)

Joseph W. Cullen Memorial Award for Tobacco Research, American Society for Preventive Oncology (2008)

Distinguished Alumni Award: Rutgers University, The Graduate School, New Brunswick, NJ (2007)

The Musiker-Miranda Distinguished Service Award, American Psychological Association (2006)

Distinguished Service Award, Society of Behavioral Medicine (2006)

Outstanding Research Mentor Award, Society of Behavioral Medicine (2006)

Book of the Year Award: Tobacco Dependence Treatment Handbook. American Journal of Nursing (2005)

Distinguished Scientist Award, Society of Behavioral Medicine (1998)

Areas of research and study

Behavioral Science

Chronic Diseases

Evaluations

Implementation and Impact of Public Health Regulations

Implementation science

Population Health

Public Health Pedagogy

Public Health Systems

Research Design

Systems Integration

Systems Interventions

Tobacco Control

Translational science

Publications

Publications

Cue elicited urge to drink and salivation in alcoholics : Relationship to individual differences

Abrams, D., Rohsenow, D. J., Monti, P. M., Abrams, D. B., Rubonis, A. V., Niaura, R. S., Sirota, A. D., & Colby, S. M. (n.d.).

Publication year

1992

Journal title

Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy

Volume

14

Issue

3

Page(s)

195-210

10.1016/0146-6402(92)90008-C

Abstract

Abstract

Social learning models of relapse have included a focus on the learned reactions of substance abusers to the presence of substance use cues, but the relative roles played by cue-elicited psychophysiological reactions and urges to use have been unclear. The relationships of these kinds of cue-elicited reactions to each other, to measures of individual differences, to attentional processes, and to relapse are reviewed across three recent studies (published or to be published elsewhere). Alcoholic males who participated in one of three studies were assessed for cue reactivity (salivation and urge to drink while sniffing an alcoholic beverage versus water) as well as individual difference measures. Salivation and urge to drink have a weak or nonsignificant relationship to each other. Cue-elicited urge to drink generally correlates with negative mood, awareness of somatic reactions, attention to alcohol, and enjoyment of the sight and smell of alcohol. Salivation tends not to be related to these conscious processes although it is greater among those who expect more positive effects from alcohol, and among those with more alcohol dependence. Salivation but not urge to drink was predictive of quantity and frequency of drinking during the first three months post-detoxification. Results are generally consistent with appetitive-motivation models of alcohol use and with Tiffany's (1990) hypothesis that automatic processes are more important than conscious processes in drug-use behavior.

Cue exposure treatment for smoking relapse prevention : A controlled clinical trial

Abrams, D., Niaura, R. S., Abrams, D. B., Shadel, W. G., Rohsenow, D. J., Monti, P. M., & Sirota, A. D. (n.d.).

Publication year

1999

Journal title

Addiction

Volume

94

Issue

5

Page(s)

685-695

10.1046/j.1360-0443.1999.9456856.x

Abstract

Abstract

Aims. In an additive design, test the efficacy of cue exposure treatment for smoking relapse prevention as an adjunct to current standard cognitive behavioral and pharmacological treatments. Design. Randomized, controlled clinical trial. Setting. Outpatient behavioral medicine clinic. Participants. One hundred and twenty-nine cigarette smokers recruited through newspaper advertisements. Intervention. After receiving an initial counseling session for cessation and setting a quit day, 129 smokers were randomly assigned to one of four relapse prevention treatment conditions: (1) brief cognitive behavioral; (2) cognitive behavioral and nicorette gum; (3) cognitive behavioral and cue exposure; and (4) cognitive behavioral and cue exposure with nicorette gum. All smokers met individually with their counselor for six RP sessions. Measures. Seven-day, point-prevalence abstinence rates (CO verified) taken at 1, 3, 6 and 12-months post-treatment and time to first slip. Findings. All manipulation checks and process measures suggested that the treatments were delivered as intended. There were no significant differences between conditions in point-prevalence abstinence rates or in time to first slip. Conclusions. These, results call into question the utility of cue exposure treatment for smoking relapse prevention.

Cue exposure treatment in alcohol dependence

Abrams, D., Rohsenow, D., Monti, P., & Abrams, D. S. (n.d.). (D. Drummond, S. Glautier, B. Remington, & S. Tiffany, Eds.).

Publication year

1995

Page(s)

189-196

Abstract

Abstract

~

Cue exposure with coping skills training and communication skills training for alcohol dependence : 6- and 12-month outcomes

Abrams, D., Rohsenow, D. J., Monti, P. M., Rubonis, A. V., Gulliver, S. B., Colby, S. M., Binkoff, J. A., & Abrams, D. B. (n.d.).

Publication year

2001

Journal title

Addiction

Volume

96

Issue

8

Page(s)

1161-1174

10.1046/j.1360-0443.2001.96811619.x

Abstract

Abstract

Aims. Cue exposure treatment (CET) has shown promise in preliminary studies with alcoholics, and Communication Skills Training (CST) has been found beneficial, especially in intensive treatment programs. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of CET and CST in a larger controlled study when both were added to intensive treatment programs. Design and interventions. A 2 × 2 design investigated the effects of CET with urge coping skills training compared to a meditation-relaxation control, and CST compared to an education control when all were added to intensive treatment programs for alcoholics. Setting. The sites were the inpatient or partial hospital substance abuse treatment programs at a private psychiatric hospital, a state-funded residential facility and a VA medical center. Participants. Patients diagnosed with alcohol dependence without active psychosis were eligible. Measurements. Participants were assessed for quantity and frequency of drinking, alcohol cue-reactivity, responses to high risk simulations and urge specific coping skills. Findings. Of 100 treated patients, 86% provided 6-month and 84% provided 12-month follow-up data. Patients who received either CET or CST had fewer heavy drinking days in the first 6 months than control patients. In the second 6 months, CET continued to result in fewer heavy drinking days among lapsers and interacted with CST to decrease quantity of alcohol consumed. CST resulted in fewer alcohol-related problems reported at 12 months. CET resulted in greater reductions in urge to drink in a measure of simulated high-risk situations. CET also resulted in greater reports of use of coping strategies during the follow-up, and many of the urge-specific strategies taught in CET were associated with reduced drinking. Conclusions. Both CET and CST continue to show promise as elements of comprehensive alcohol treatment programs. Limitations and directions for future research are discussed.

Cue Exposure With Coping Skills Treatment for Male Alcoholics : A Preliminary Investigation

Abrams, D., Monti, P. M., Rohsenow, D. J., Rubonis, A. V., Niaura, R. S., Sirota, A. D., Colby, S. M., Goddard, P., & Abrams, D. B. (n.d.).

Publication year

1993

Journal title

Journal of consulting and clinical psychology

Volume

61

Issue

6

Page(s)

1011-1019

10.1037/0022-006X.61.6.1011

Abstract

Abstract

Although early investigations were promising, no controlled follow-up studies have investigated the effectiveness of cue exposure treatment for alcoholics. In this study, inpatient alcoholics received either cue exposure integrated with urge coping skills training (CET, n = 22) or a contrast condition (CC) involving daily contact with assessment only (n = 18) in addition to standard treatment. Comprehensive assessment measures were used to investigate change in process and outcome variables. In the second 3 months after treatment, the CET group included more patients who were completely abstinent, had a higher percentage of abstinent days, and tended to report fewer drinks per day than did patients in the contrast condition. The significantly greater use of coping skills during follow-up by the CET group and the significant relationship of these coping skills to decreased drinking suggest that treatment effects were due, at least in part, to the coping skills training, consistent with recent formulations. Theoretical and treatment implications are discussed.

Cue Reactivity as a Predictor of Drinking Among Male Alcoholics

Abrams, D., Rohsenow, D. J., Monti, P. M., Rubonis, A. V., Sirota, A. D., Niaura, R. S., Colby, S. M., Wunschel, S. M., & Abrams, D. B. (n.d.).

Publication year

1994

Journal title

Journal of consulting and clinical psychology

Volume

62

Issue

3

Page(s)

620-626

10.1037/0022-006X.62.3.620

Abstract

Abstract

Social learning theories suggest that conditioned responses may increase the risk for relapse. Responses to alcohol use cues (cue reactivity) are associated with variables suggestive of risk but little research exists on the relationship of cue reactivity to treatment outcome. Alcoholic men admitted for detoxification to a treatment program (n = 45) underwent a cue reactivity assessment protocol, and 91% received 3-month follow-up interviews. Greater salivary reactivity predicted greater frequency of drinking during follow-up. Attentional factors added independent variance to the prediction of drinking outcome, with greater attention to stimulus or to response predicting less drinking. Cue reactivity did not predict length of hospital stay or latency to first drink. Results are discussed in the context of information processing, social learning theories, and clinical implications for relapse prevention.

Cue reactivity in addictive behaviors : Theoretical and treatment implications

Abrams, D., Rohsenow, D. J., Childress, A. R., Monti, P. M., Niaura, R. S., & Abrams, D. B. (n.d.).

Publication year

1991

Journal title

International Journal of the Addictions

Volume

25

Issue

7-8 A

Page(s)

957-993

10.3109/10826089109071030

Abstract

Abstract

Several learning theory based models propose that substance users may have conditioned reactions to stimuli (cues) associated with substance use and that these reactions may increase the probability of relapse. The conditioned withdrawal, conditioned compensatory response, and appetitive motivational models were evaluated in light of empirical evidence from cue reactivity studies with alcoholics, smokers, opiate users, and cocaine users. The nature of the stimuli that elicit reactivity and the nature of the responses elicited are most consistent with an appetitive motivational model and do not appear to support the other two models. A few studies have been conducted or are underway that investigate the use of cue exposure with response prevention as a treatment to decrease cue reactivity. Preliminary work with alcoholics, opiate users and cocaine users is promising but insufficient evidence exists to evaluate this approach. The implications for theory and treatment are discussed.

Cue reactivity in addictive behaviors: Theoretical and clinical implications

Abrams, D., Rohsenow, D., Niaura, R. S., Childress, A., Abrams, D. S., & Monti, P. (n.d.).

Publication year

1991

Journal title

International Journal of the Addictions

Volume

25

Page(s)

957-994

Abstract

Abstract

~

Current models of nicotine dependence : What is known and what is needed to advance understanding of tobacco etiology among youth

Abrams, D., Shadel, W. G., Shiffman, S., Niaura, R. S., Nichter, M., & Abrams, D. B. (n.d.).

Publication year

2000

Journal title

Drug and alcohol dependence

Volume

59

Issue

SUPPL. 1

Page(s)

S9-22

10.1016/S0376-8716(99)00162-3

Abstract

Abstract

Youth smoking has risen dramatically during the last 5 years, leading one to the conclusion that prevention interventions have not been particularly effective. This paper provides an examination of features that define adult nicotine dependence and argues that these features need to be considered in any studied examination of youth etiology and development to nicotine dependence. We review the historical context for the concept of nicotine dependence, features that define the concept and current models of substance dependence more generally. Recommendations for future research are provided. Copyright (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd.

Current treatment of obesity : a behavioral medicine perspective.

Abrams, D., Pera, V., Clark, M. M., & Abrams, D. S. (n.d.).

Publication year

1992

Journal title

Rhode Island medicine

Volume

75

Issue

10

Page(s)

477-481

Abstract

Abstract

Obesity is a complex biopsychosocial phenomenon. It has a profound effect on patients' physical and psychological health. Due to the complexity of the problem and the recidivism following treatment, it is recommended that obese patients receive in-depth interdisciplinary evaluation to match them appropriately to comprehensive treatment. Participation in an interdisciplinary comprehensive active weight loss treatment program followed by participation in a professionally led biweekly behavioral maintenance program that included social influence and aerobic exercise has generated maintenance of 83% of initial weight loss at an 18-month follow up. This comprehensive multi-disciplinary treatment approach, best offered in a behavioral medicine center setting, represents state-of-the-art treatment at this time and can result in long-term medical and psychological benefits for the obese patient.

Debunking Myths About Self-Quitting : Evidence From 10 Prospective Studies of Persons Who Attempt to Quit Smoking by Themselves

Abrams, D., Cohen, S., Lichtenstein, E., Prochaska, J. O., Rossi, J. S., Gritz, E. R., Carr, C. R., Orleans, C. T., Schoenbach, V. J., Biener, L., Abrams, D. S., DiClemente, C., Curry, S., Marlatt, G. A., Cummings, K. M., Emont, S. L., Giovino, G., & Ossip-Klein, D. (n.d.).

Publication year

1989

Journal title

American Psychologist

Volume

44

Issue

11

Page(s)

1355-1365

10.1037/0003-066X.44.11.1355

Abstract

Abstract

This article examines data from 10 longterm prospective studies (N > 5,000) in relation to key issues about the self-quitting of smoking, especially those discussed by Schachter. When a single attempt to quit was evaluated, self-quitters' success rates were no better than those reported for formal treatment programs. Light smokers (20 or less cigarettes per day) were 2.2 times more likely to quit than heavy smokers. The cyclical nature of quitting was also examined. There was a moderate rate (mdn = 2.7%) of long-term quitting initiated after the early months (expected quitting window) of these studies, but also a high rate (mdn = 24%) of relapsing for persons abstinent for six months. The number of previous unsuccessful quit attempts was unrelated to success in quitting. Finally, there were few occasional smokers (slips) among successful long-term quitters. We argue that quitting smoking is a dynamic process, not a discrete event.

Depression in chronic medical illness : The case of coronary heart disease

Abrams, D., Burg, M. M., & Abrams, D. S. (n.d.).

Publication year

2001

Journal title

Journal of Clinical Psychology

Volume

57

Issue

11

Page(s)

1323-1337

10.1002/jclp.1100

Abstract

Abstract

Depression is an important predictor of morbidity and mortality in patients with coronary disease, particularly after myocardial infarction, independent of previous cardiac history or CAD severity. Depression also is associated with poor long-term psychosocial outcomes. The prevalence of major depression among post-MI patients is 15 to 20%, with an additional 27% reporting symptoms of minor depression. This article briefly reviews the literature on depression in patients with coronary disease, including previously published efforts to treat the disorder in this group. A case review then is provided, highlighting important aspects of treatment.

Depressive symptoms and readiness to quit smoking among cigarette smokers in outpatient alcohol treatment

Abrams, D., Hitsman, B., Abrams, D. B., Emmons, K. M., Shadel, W. G., Niaura, R. S., Borrelli, B., Brown, R. A., Swift, R. M., Monti, P. M., Rohsenow, D. J., & Colby, S. M. (n.d.).

Publication year

2002

Journal title

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

Volume

16

Issue

3

Page(s)

264-268

10.1037/0893-164X.16.3.264

Abstract

Abstract

The authors examined whether length of alcohol abstinence and depressive symptoms were related to motivational readiness to consider smoking cessation among patients in alcohol treatment. Participants were adults (N = 253) enrolled in a smoking cessation trial. Controlling for gender, depressive symptoms, and nicotine dependence, hierarchical regression analysis of readiness scores revealed a significant interaction of days since last drink and depressive symptoms. It was found that a greater number of days since last drink was associated with greater readiness, but only among patients with low scores on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (L. S. Radloff, 1977). The findings suggest that alcoholic smokers with low depressive symptoms are more receptive to quitting smoking after sustained alcohol abstinence.

Design and methods of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study

Abrams, D., Hyland, A., Ambrose, B. K., Conway, K. P., Borek, N., Lambert, E., Carusi, C., Taylor, K., Crosse, S., Fong, G. T., Michael Cummings, K., Abrams, D. S., Pierce, J. P., Sargent, J., Messer, K., Bansal-Travers, M., Niaura, R., Vallone, D., Hammond, D., … Compton, W. M. (n.d.).

Publication year

2017

Journal title

Tobacco control

Volume

26

Issue

4

Page(s)

371-378

10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-052934

Abstract

Abstract

Background This paper describes the methods and conceptual framework for Wave 1 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study data collection. The National Institutes of Health, through the National Institute on Drug Abuse, is partnering with the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) Center for Tobacco Products to conduct the PATH Study under a contract with Westat. Methods The PATH Study is a nationally representative, longitudinal cohort study of 45 971 adults and youth in the USA, aged 12 years and older. Wave 1 was conducted from 12 September 2013 to 15 December 2014 using Audio Computer-Assisted Self-Interviewing to collect information on tobacco-use patterns, risk perceptions and attitudes towards current and newly emerging tobacco products, tobacco initiation, cessation, relapse behaviours and health outcomes. The PATH Study’s design allows for the longitudinal assessment of patterns of use of a spectrum of tobacco products, including initiation, cessation, relapse and transitions between products, as well as factors associated with use patterns. Additionally, the PATH Study collects biospecimens from consenting adults aged 18 years and older and measures biomarkers of exposure and potential harm related to tobacco use. Conclusions The cumulative, population-based data generated over time by the PATH Study will contribute to the evidence base to inform FDA’s regulatory mission under the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act and efforts to reduce the Nation’s burden of tobacco-related death and disease.

Developing an integrative social-cognitive strategy for personality assessment at the level of the individual : An illustration with regular cigarette smokers

Abrams, D., Shadel, W. G., Cervone, D., Niaura, R. S., & Abrams, D. B. (n.d.).

Publication year

2004

Journal title

Journal of Research in Personality

Volume

38

Issue

4

Page(s)

394-419

10.1016/j.jrp.2003.09.001

Abstract

Abstract

Basic advances in social cognition have not fully translated into similar advances for personality assessment. In this study, we evaluated whether an integrated social cognitive approach to personality assessment (i.e., one that employs an idiographic assessment of a multi-faceted self-system, priming procedures, and reaction time tasks) could be applied to assess a social cognitive personality system at the individual level in a particularly challenging population: Cigarette smokers. This integrative approach was necessary to detect the idiosyncratic content and contextualized structure of the three self-schemas (smoker self-schema, abstainer ideal possible self, abstainer ought possible self) that composed this social cognitive personality system. Priming different self-structures enhanced reaction times to contextually bound self-referent information. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for social cognitive theories of personality and personality assessment.

Developing consistent and transparent models of E-cigarette use : Reply to Glantz and Soneji et al.

Abrams, D., Levy, D. T., Borland, R., Fong, G. T., Villanti, A. C., Niaura, R. S., Meza, R., Holford, T. R., Michael Cummings, K., & Abrams, D. B. (n.d.).

Publication year

2017

Journal title

Nicotine and Tobacco Research

Volume

19

Issue

2

Page(s)

268-270

10.1093/ntr/ntw236

Abstract

Abstract

~

Development and reliability of the lifetime interview on smoking trajectories

Abrams, D., Colby, S. M., Clark, M. A., Rogers, M. L., Ramsey, S., Graham, A. L., Boergers, J., Kahler, C. W., Papandonatos, G. D., Buka, S. L., Niaura, R. S., & Abrams, D. B. (n.d.).

Publication year

2012

Journal title

Nicotine and Tobacco Research

Volume

14

Issue

3

Page(s)

290-298

10.1093/ntr/ntr212

Abstract

Abstract

Introduction: Assessments of lifetime smoking history are useful in many types of research including surveillance, epidemiology, prevention, intervention, and studies of genetic phenotypes and heritability. Because prospective assessment is impractical for most research, our objective was to develop a reliable retrospective measure of lifetime smoking history. This paper presents descriptive and test-retest reliability data on smoking history variables assessed using the Lifetime Interview on Smoking Trajectories (LIST). Methods: Data were collected on a birth cohort sample of 1,625 men and women (ages 34-44) from the Collaborative Perinatal Project. A subsample of 344 was invited to participate in a retest interview 4-8 weeks later and 220 participated. Indices of test-retest reliability were evaluated for smoking history variables, including: (a) early smoking experiences; (b) age at various smoking milestones, such as first puff, and progression to weekly and daily smoking; (c) smoking rate and time to first cigarette within initial, current, most recent, and heaviest phases; and (d) prolonged nonsmoking phases. Results: Responses to whether each of 5 major smoking milestones occurred were all highly reliable (k = .78 - .92), and of the 20 phase-specific variables assessed, more than half were reported at the highest level of reliability. None of the variables demonstrated low reliability. Conclusions: Although retrospective reports have unavoidable limitations, our findings indicate that the LIST is a reliable instrument for assessing detailed retrospective smoking history data and can be used to add to the knowledge base of how patterns of use relate to a variety of outcomes of interest.

Development and validation of the online social support for smokers scale

Abrams, D., Graham, A. L., Papandonatos, G. D., Kang, H., Moreno, J. L., & Abrams, D. B. (n.d.).

Publication year

2011

Journal title

Journal of medical Internet research

Volume

13

Issue

3

Page(s)

e69

10.2196/jmir.1801

Abstract

Abstract

Background: Social networks play an important role in smoking. Provision of social support during cessation is a cornerstone of treatment. Online social networks for cessation are ubiquitous and represent a promising modality for smokers to receive and provide the support necessary for cessation. There are no existing measures specific to online social support for smoking cessation. Objective: The objective was to develop a measure of social support to be used in online smoking cessation treatment research. Methods: Initial items for the Online Social Support for Smokers Scale (OS4) were based on existing theory and scales delineated in various taxonomies. Preliminary field analysis (N = 73) was conducted on 23 initial items to optimize the scale. Further development was conducted on a refined 15-item scale in the context of a large randomized trial of Internet and telephone cessation treatment with follow-ups at 3, 6, 12, and 18 months. In all, 1326 participants were randomized to an enhanced Internet arm that included a large online social network; psychometric analyses employed 3-month follow-up data from those reporting use of the enhanced Internet intervention at least once (n = 873). Items were subjected to a factor analysis, and the internal consistency reliability of the scale was examined along with construct and criterion validity. Other measures used in the study included demographics, nicotine dependence, partner support for cessation, general social support, social integration, stress, depression, health status, online community use, Internet use behaviors, intervention satisfaction, and 30-day point prevalence abstinence. Results: The final 12-item OS4 scale demonstrated high internal consistency reliability (Cronbach alphas .86-.89) across demographic and smoking strata of interest. The OS4 also demonstrated good construct and criterion validity, with the directionality of the observed associations providing support for most a priori hypotheses. Significant Pearson correlations were observed between the OS4 and the Partner Interaction Questionnaire (PIQ) Positive subscale (ρ = .24, P< .001). As hypothesized, participants with the highest OS4 scores were more likely to have actively participated in the enhanced Internet community and to have high levels of satisfaction with the enhanced Internet intervention. In logistic regression analyses, the OS4 was highly predictive of 30-day point-prevalence abstinence at 6, 12, and 18 months (all P values

Development of a behavior analytically derived alcohol-specific role-play assessment instrument

Abrams, D., Monti, P. M., Rohsenow, D. J., Abrams, D. B., Zwick, W. R., Binkoff, J. A., Munroe, S. M., Fingeret, A. L., Nirenberg, T. D., Liepman, M. R., Pedraza, M., Kadden, R. M., & Cooney, N. L. (n.d.).

Publication year

1993

Journal title

Journal of Studies on Alcohol

Volume

54

Issue

6

Page(s)

710-721

10.15288/jsa.1993.54.710

Abstract

Abstract

Social learning theory postulates that chronic alcohol abusers may have deficits in ability to cope with stressful situations, and these deficits may be associated with relapse after treatment. Attempts to study the hypothesized deficits have been hampered by methodological problems. Therefore, a behavior analytic procedure was used to develop 10 categories of situations based on over 600 drinking situations elicited from alcoholics. Role plays were developed for each of these categories, and samples of alcoholics in treatment were asked to respond as if they were trying not to drink. Videotaped responses were behaviorally rated by trained judges for skill and anxiety, and subjects completed self-report ratings of urge to drink, anxiety, difficulty and skill after each role play. Good interrater reliabilities and internal consistency were found across three samples of alcoholics, with virtually no gender differences. Previous and current investigations show the validity and utility of this instrument. The Alcohol Specific Role Play Test therefore shows promise as a means of assessing alcoholics' reactions to high-risk situations.

Development of major depressive disorder during smoking-cessation treatment

Abrams, D., Borrelli, B., Niaura, R. S., Keuthen, N. J., Goldstein, M. G., DePue, J. D., Murphy, C., & Abrams, D. B. (n.d.).

Publication year

1996

Journal title

Journal of Clinical Psychiatry

Volume

57

Issue

11

Page(s)

534-538

10.4088/jcp.v57n1106

Abstract

Abstract

Background: Several studies have shown an association between smoking and major depressive disorder (MDD), but few have prospectively examined subjects who develop MDD after quitting smoking. This descriptive study evaluated the development of MDD after smoking cessation, as assessed by a structured clinical interview at both baseline and the end of treatment. Method: Nondepressed participants (N = 114) in a trial investigating the effect of fluoxetine on smoking cessation were administered the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R at baseline ad posttreatment to evaluate the impact of quitting smoking on the development of MDD. Depressive symptoms were additionally assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. Results: At baseline, 32% of the subjects reported a history of MDD. Sixty-nine subjects completed the SCID at baseline and posttreatment. At posttreatment, 5 subjects (7%) met threshold criteria for MDD; one were taking the highest dose of fluoxetine (60 mg), 4 were taking 30 mg, and 1 was taking placebo. All 5 had a history of MDD; 3 were women. Four had a history of substance abuse and attained at least 3 consecutive biochemically verified weeks of smoking abstinence. Those who developed MDD after treatment scored significantly higher on measures of depressed mood at baseline than those who did not develop MDD after smoking- cessation treatment. Conclusion: The results from this descriptive study suggest that a subset of smokers may be at risk for developing MDD after smoking cessation.

Developments in the behavioral treatment of obesity

Abrams, D., & Abrams, D. S. (n.d.). (C. Franks, Ed.).

Publication year

1983

Abstract

Abstract

~

Differential trends in cigarette smoking in the USA : Is menthol slowing progress?

Abrams, D., Giovino, G. A., Villanti, A. C., Mowery, P. D., Sevilimedu, V., Niaura, R. S., Vallone, D. M., & Abrams, D. B. (n.d.).

Publication year

2015

Journal title

Tobacco control

Volume

24

Issue

1

Page(s)

28-37

10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051159

Abstract

Abstract

Introduction: Mentholated cigarettes are at least as dangerous to an individual’s health as non-mentholated varieties. The addition of menthol to cigarettes reduces perceived harshness of smoke, which can facilitate initiation. Here, we examine correlates of menthol use, national trends in smoking menthol and non-menthol cigarettes, and brand preferences over time.Methods: We estimated menthol cigarette use during 2004–2010 using annual data on persons ≥12 years old from the National Surveys on Drug Use and Health. We adjusted self-reported menthol status for selected brands that were either exclusively menthol or nonmenthol, based on sales data. Data were weighted to provide national estimates.Results: Among cigarette smokers, menthol cigarette use was more common among 12–17 year olds (56.7%) and 18–25 year olds (45.0%) than among older persons (range 30.5% to 34.7%). In a multivariable analysis, menthol use was associated with being younger, female and of non-Caucasian race/ethnicity. Among all adolescents, the percentage who smoked non-menthol cigarettes decreased from 2004–2010, while menthol smoking rates remained constant; among all young adults, the percentage who smoked non-menthol cigarettes also declined, while menthol smoking rates increased. The use of Camel menthol and Marlboro menthol increased among adolescent and young adult smokers, particularly non-Hispanic Caucasians, during the study period.Conclusions: Young people are heavy consumers of mentholated cigarettes. Progress in reducing youth smoking has likely been attenuated by the sale and marketing of mentholated cigarettes, including emerging varieties of established youth brands. This study should inform the Food and Drug Administration regarding the potential public health impact of a menthol ban.

Distribution of smokers by stage in three representative samples

Abrams, D., Velicer, W. F., Fava, J. L., Prochaska, J. O., Abrams, D. B., Emmons, K. M., & Pierce, J. P. (n.d.).

Publication year

1995

Journal title

Preventive Medicine

Volume

24

Issue

4

Page(s)

401-411

10.1006/pmed.1995.1065

Abstract

Abstract

Objectives. A key variable for the design of individual and public health interventions for smoking cessation is Stage of Change, a variable which employs past behavior and behavioral intention to characterize an individual′s readiness to change. Reactively recruited samples distort estimates of the stage distribution in the population because such samples attract a disproportionate number of late-stage participants. Three representative samples are described which provide accurate estimates of the stage distribution in the population. These samples are of adequate size to permit within-sample comparisons with respect to sex, age, Hispanic or non-Hispanic origin, race, and education level. The implications of using stage distribution as a tool for planning intervention is discussed. Method. The first sample of 4,144 smokers was from the state of Rhode Island and involved a random-digit-dial survey. The second sample of 9,534 smokers was from the state of California and involved a stratified random-digit-dial survey. The third sample of 4,785 smokers was from a total of 114 worksites located in four different geographic locations. Results. The stage distributions were approximately identical across the three samples, with approximately 40% of the sample in Precontemplation, 40% in Contemplation, and 20% in Preparation. The stage distribution was generally stable across age groups with the exception of the 65 years and older group. Education level did affect the stage distribution with the proportion of the sample in Precontemplation decreasing as education level increased. In all three samples, minor differences in stage distribution were related to Hispanic origin and race, but the pattern was not consistent across the samples. Conclusions. The pattern of stage distribution has important implications for the design of interventions. Existing interventions are most appropriate for the Preparation stage, but the majority of the three samples were in the first two stages, resulting in a likely mismatch between the smoker and the intervention. The stability of distribution across age suggests that interventions that are appropriately matched to stage can be applied across all age groups. The differences found with respect to education, Hispanic origin, and race can serve as a guide to the tailoring of intervention materials.

Division 50 on addictions: Finding synergism with division 38.

Abrams, D., & Abrams, D. S. (n.d.).

Publication year

1995

Journal title

The Health Psychologist

Volume

17

Issue

35

Page(s)

4-5

Abstract

Abstract

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Do processes of change predict smoking stage movements? A prospective analysis of the transtheoretical model

Abrams, D., Herzog, T. A., Abrams, D. B., Emmons, K. M., Linnan, L. A., & Shadel, W. G. (n.d.).

Publication year

1999

Journal title

Health Psychology

Volume

18

Issue

4

Page(s)

369-375

10.1037/0278-6133.18.4.369

Abstract

Abstract

The transtheoretical model (TTM) posits that processes of change and the pros and cons of smoking predict progressive movement through the stages of change. This study provides both a cross-sectional replication and a prospective test of this hypothesis. As part of a larger study of worksite cancer prevention (the Working Well Trial), employees of 26 manufacturing worksites completed a baseline and 2 annual follow-up surveys. Of the 63% of employees completing baseline surveys, 27.7% were smokers (N = 1,535), and a cohort of these smokers completed the 2-year follow-up. Cross-sectional results replicated previous studies with virtually all the processes of change and the cons of smoking increasing in linear fashion from precontemplation to preparation (all ps < .00001), and the pros of smoking decreasing (p < .01). However, contrary to the hypothesis, the baseline processes of change and the pros and cons of smoking failed to predict progressive stage movements at either the 1- or the 2-year follow-ups. Possible explanations for these findings and concerns about the conceptual internal consistency of the TTM are discussed.