Robyn Gershon
Robyn Gershon
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Clinical Professor of Epidemiology
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Professional overview
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Dr. Gershon is an interdisciplinary occupational and environmental health and safety researcher with extensive experience in the areas of disaster preparedness, healthcare safety, and risk assessment and management in high-risk work occupations. She earned her doctorate in Public Health from Johns Hopkins University, School of Public Health, where she was on faculty for several years.
Subsequently, Dr. Gershon was a Professor at the Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University, with a joint appointment in the School of Nursing.
At the Mailman School, she also served as the Associate Dean for Research and was the Director of the Mentoring Program. Her most recent faculty appointment prior to joining NYU GPH was Professor of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies at University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). She was also an Adjunct Professor in the UCSF School of Nursing, as well as at UC Berkeley where she taught public health disaster courses.
Dr. Gershon and her team conducted numerous ground breaking studies to develop and test new metrics of preparedness. Importantly, Dr. Gershon’s work has influenced the adoption of safe work practices and regulatory control measures, such as national needlestick prevention guidelines and high-rise building fire safety laws. Her numerous research studies encompass a wide range of topics, including, (to name a few): bloodborne pathogen exposure; hospital safety climate; psychosocial work stress in law enforcement; “ability and willingness” of essential workforce employees to report to duty during natural and man-made disasters; preparedness of responders for terrorist incidents; emergency high–rise building evacuation- (including the World Trade Center Evacuation Study); emergency preparedness of the elderly and disabled; mass fatality management infrastructure in the US; adherence to emergency public health measures among the general public; hearing loss risk in subway ridership; and noise exposure in urban populations.
Dr. Gershon recently completed a four-year, longitudinal intervention NIH-funded study on motivation and persistence in pursuing STEM research careers among underrepresented doctoral students. (the BRIDGE Project).
As a committed advocate for junior faculty and graduate students, Dr. Gershon will play an active role in research mentorship and advisement.
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Education
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BS, Medical Technology, Quinnipiac University, Hamden, CTMHS, Medical Microbiology, Quinnipiac University, Hamden, CTDrPH, Environmental and Occupational Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
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Honors and awards
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Recipient, American Society of Safety Engineers, Membership Award, Oakland, CA (2016)Recipient, John L. Ziegler Capstone Mentor Award, Global Health Sciences, University of California San Francisco (2015)Recipient, City of New York Fire Commissioner's Special Commendation Certificate of Appreciation (2006)Recipient, Survivors' Salute, World Trade Center Survivors' Network (2006)Recipient, Annual International Sharps Injury Prevention Award (2005)Delta Omega (Public Health) Honorary Society (1997)Phi Theta Kappa Honor Society (Microbiology) (1976)Lambda Tau Mu Honor Society (Laboratory Science) (1976)
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Areas of research and study
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Disaster HealthDisaster Impact and RecoveryDisaster PreparednessEnvironmental Public Health ServicesEpidemiologyHealthcare SafetyOccupational HealthRisk Assessment and Management
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Publications
Publications
A case study in improving safety management
AbstractFlanagan, W., & Gershon, R. (n.d.).Publication year
1994Abstract~A work-systems analysis of compliance with Universal precautions among health care workers
AbstractDeJoy, D. M., Gershon, R., Murphy, L. R., & Wilson, M. G. (n.d.).Publication year
1996Journal title
Health Education and BehaviorVolume
23Issue
2Page(s)
159-174AbstractUniversal precautions are work practices designed to protect health care workers from occupational exposure to HIV and other bloodborne pathogens. However, despite aggressive dissemination efforts by CDC and regulatory action by OSHA, compliance remains less than satisfactory. This article argues that the minimization of risk from bloodborne pathogens requires a multilevel or work-systems perspective that considers individual, job/task, and environmental/organizational factors. The available literature on universal precautions suggests the potential of such an approach and provides insight into the limited success of current worker-focused mitigation efforts. In particular, specific opportunities exist to develop and apply engineering controls, to improve the design and organization of jobs and tasks, and to create organizations that facilitate and reinforce safe behavior.Adherence to Emergency Public Health Measures for Bioevents : Review of US Studies
AbstractGershon, R., Zhi, Q., Chin, A. F., Nwankwo, E. M., & Gargano, L. M. (n.d.).Publication year
2018Journal title
Disaster medicine and public health preparednessVolume
12Issue
4Page(s)
528-535AbstractThe frequency of bioevents is increasing worldwide. In the United States, as elsewhere, control of contagion may require the cooperation of community members with emergency public health measures. The US general public is largely unfamiliar with these measures, and our understanding of factors that influence behaviors in this context is limited. The few previous reviews of research on this topic focused on non-US samples. For this review, we examined published research on the psychosocial influences of adherence in US sample populations. Of 153 articles identified, only 9 met the inclusion criteria. Adherence behaviors were categorized into 2 groups: self-protective behaviors (personal hygiene, social distancing, face mask use, seeking out health care advice, and vaccination) and protecting others (isolation, temperature screening, and quarantine). A lack of uniformity across studies regarding definitions and measures was noted. Only 5 of the 9 articles reported tests of association between adherence with emergency measures and psychosocial factors; perceived risk and perceived seriousness were found to be significantly associated with adherence or adherence intentions. Although it is well documented that psychosocial factors are important predictors of protective health behaviors in general, this has not been rigorously studied in the context of bioevents. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:528-535)Adverse Effects of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill Amid Cumulative Disasters : A Qualitative Analysis of the Experiences of Children and Families
AbstractMeltzer, G. Y., Merdjanoff, A. A., Gershon, R., Fothergill, A., Peek, L., & Abramson, D. (n.d.).Publication year
2024Journal title
Journal of Child and Family StudiesAbstractLimited research has examined the ramifications of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill (DHOS) on children and their families. This study builds on secondary data analysis and representative survey findings from the multi-method, multi-phase Gulf Coast Population Impact (GCPI) project. Specifically, this phase of the GCPI research draws on in-depth, semi-structured interview and focus group data to illuminate the social conditions that influenced poor child health outcomes in the aftermath of the DHOS and amid other disasters. These qualitative data were collected two years after the spill with caregivers, teachers, faith- and community-based leaders in five highly impacted Gulf Coast communities. Exploratory qualitative analysis revealed that children were affected by the DHOS and other related challenges through exposure to familial stress emerging from livelihood disruptions. Such disruptions were the result of ongoing poverty, damage to the fishing industry, and exposure to cumulative and compounding environmental disasters. In cases of severe familial stress, children may have experienced toxic stress because of caregivers’ displaced distress; ambiguous loss through caregivers’ physical and/or emotional absence; and the children’s recognition of their families’ dire financial situations. Toxic stress was most often expressed through acute and chronic physiological, emotional, and behavioral health challenges. This study expands current understandings of the impact of technological disasters and cumulative environmental disasters on children and families. It underscores the importance of investing in harm prevention strategies to reduce threats to the health and wellbeing of young people living in ecologically and socioeconomically insecure environments prone to intensifying technological and climate-fueled disasters.AIDS. Safety practices for clinical and research laboratories
AbstractGershon, R., Federico, J. V., & Gershon, R. R. (n.d.).Publication year
1984Journal title
Infection ControlVolume
5Issue
4Page(s)
185-187Abstract~Are local offices of emergency management prepared for people with disabilities? Results from the FEMA Region 9 Survey
AbstractGershon, R., Muska, M. A., Zhi, Q., & Kraus, L. E. (n.d.).Publication year
2021Journal title
Journal of Emergency ManagementVolume
19Issue
1Page(s)
7-20AbstractObjective: To assess disaster planning of local Offices of Emergency Management (OEM) with respect to people with disabilities (PWD). Design: A cross-sectional study of local OEM from Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Region 9 (N = 61) was conducted using an internetbased survey. The primary outcome was the adoption of emergency management recommendations by the Department of Justice (DOJ) and FEMA in applying Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Results: OEM implementation of ADA requirements was generally suboptimal. While 63 percent reported that plans addressed the needs of PWD, only 41 percent reported detailed operating procedures for PWD. Training of staff to ensure that they were knowledgeable on the ADA requirements for inclusivity was rarely conducted. While accessible shelters and transportation were often identified, accessible communication strategies, including emergency notifications, were often lacking; only 28 percent of OEMs reported availability of sign language interpreters at shelters. Shelters often allowed service animal access (62 percent), but fewer allowed access to personal assistants (39 percent). Engagement of the disability community, from plan development to community drills, was uncommon. While more than half (59 percent) of OEM felt clear about their responsibilities in providing equal access to PWD, only 23 percent reported having qualified staff and other resources necessary in order to meet those responsibilities. Participants cited the need for more training on the ADA requirements in order to better meet the needs of PWD. Conclusion: Strategies for improvement to assure inclusiveness of PWD in all phases of emergency management are needed.Are We Ready for Mass Fatality Incidents? Preparedness of the US Mass Fatality Infrastructure
AbstractMerrill, J. A., Orr, M., Chen, D. Y., Zhi, Q., & Gershon, R. (n.d.).Publication year
2016Journal title
Disaster medicine and public health preparednessVolume
10Issue
1Page(s)
87-97AbstractObjective To assess the preparedness of the US mass fatality infrastructure, we developed and tested metrics for 3 components of preparedness: organizational, operational, and resource sharing networks. Methods In 2014, data were collected from 5 response sectors: medical examiners and coroners, the death care industry, health departments, faith-based organizations, and offices of emergency management. Scores were calculated within and across sectors and a weighted score was developed for the infrastructure. Results A total of 879 respondents reported highly variable organizational capabilities: 15% had responded to a mass fatality incident (MFI); 42% reported staff trained for an MFI, but only 27% for an MFI involving hazardous contaminants. Respondents estimated that 75% of their staff would be willing and able to respond, but only 53% if contaminants were involved. Most perceived their organization as somewhat prepared, but 13% indicated not at all. Operational capability scores ranged from 33% (death care industry) to 77% (offices of emergency management). Network capability analysis found that only 42% of possible reciprocal relationships between resource-sharing partners were present. The cross-sector composite score was 51%; that is, half the key capabilities for preparedness were in place. Conclusions The sectors in the US mass fatality infrastructure report suboptimal capability to respond. National leadership is needed to ensure sector-specific and infrastructure-wide preparedness for a large-scale MFI.Assessing and reducing HIV risk to the critical care nurse
AbstractGershon, R., & Vlahov, D. (n.d.).Publication year
1992Abstract~Association of Victimization by Sex among Public Facing Bus and Subway Transit Workers, New York City
AbstractVlahov, D., Hagen, D., Cziner, M., Merdjanoff, A. A., Sherman, M. F., & Gershon, R. (n.d.).Publication year
2024Journal title
Journal of Urban HealthVolume
101Issue
5Page(s)
934-941AbstractFederal data indicate that assaults on transit workers resulting in fatalities or hospitalizations tripled between 2008 and 2022. The data indicated a peri-pandemic surge of assault-related fatalities and hospitalizations, but assaults with less dire outcomes were not recorded. In collaboration with the Transport Workers Union, Local 100, we conducted an online survey in late 2023 through early 2024 of New York City public-facing bus and subway workers that focused on their work experiences during the 2020–2023 period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Items for this analysis on victimization included measures of physical and sexual assault/harassment, verbal harassment/intimidation, theft, and demographic characteristics (e.g., sex, race, work division). We estimated separate modified Poisson models for each of the four outcomes, yielding prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Potential interactions between variables with strong main effects in the adjusted model were further examined using product terms. Among 1297 respondents, 89.0% reported any victimization; respondents also reported physical assault (48.6%), sexual assault/harassment (6.3%), verbal harassment/intimidation (48.7%), and theft on the transit system (20.6%). Physical assault was significantly more common among women in the bus division compared to female subway workers, male bus workers, and male subway workers (adjusted PR (aPR) = 3.54; reference = male subway workers; Wald test pAssociations Between COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Socio-Spatial Factors in NYC Transit Workers 50 Years and Older
AbstractMeltzer, G. Y., Harris, J., Hefner, M., Lanternier, P., Gershon, R., Vlahov, D., & Merdjanoff, A. A. (n.d.).Publication year
2022Journal title
International Journal of Aging and Human DevelopmentVolume
96Issue
1Page(s)
76-90AbstractThis analysis investigates how age, race/ethnicity, and geographic location contributed to vaccine hesitancy in a sample of 645 New York City (NYC) Transport Workers Union (TWU), Local 100 members surveyed in August 2020. Union members ages 50+ were 46% less likely to be vaccine hesitant than their younger counterparts (OR 0.64; 95% CI 0.42, 0.97). Non-Whites (OR 3.95; 95% 2.44, 6.39) and those who did not report their race (OR 3.10; 95% CI 1.87, 5.12) were significantly more likely to be vaccine hesitant than Whites. Those who were not concerned about contracting COVID-19 in the community had 1.83 greater odds (95% CI 1.12, 2.98) of being vaccine hesitant than those who were concerned. Older respondents tended to reside in Queens while vaccine hesitant and non-White respondents were clustered in Brooklyn. General trends observed in COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy persist in a population of high risk, non-healthcare essential workers.Barriers and Facilitators to Vaccine Equity Amidst the COVID-19 Vaccine Rollout in the United States
AbstractPiltch-Loeb, R., Nuñez Sahr, J., Nelson, L. R., Vlahov, D., & Gershon, R. (n.d.).Publication year
2024Journal title
International journal of environmental research and public healthVolume
21Issue
12AbstractState and local health departments were responsible for ensuring equitable distribution of the COVID-19 vaccine. This qualitative study aimed to identify the challenges, strategies, disappointments, and successes in achieving equity for hard-to-reach and at-risk populations. Using a purposive sampling strategy, 16 individuals affiliated with health departments across nine states, each holding leadership roles in vaccine distribution, were interviewed between late 2021 and mid-2022. The key factors promoting vaccine equity included (1) inviting community members to serve on vaccine advisory groups to participate in decision-making; (2) utilizing pre-existing community relationships and spaces to facilitate the planning and distribution of the vaccine; and (3) establishing and building upon community outreach to support accessibility and uptake of the vaccine. The barriers included (1) a lack of clarity on vaccine prioritization criteria; (2) language/communication access; and (3) the initial focus on mass vaccination sites for vaccine delivery. The stakeholders also highlighted potential facilitators for increasing equity in future vaccine rollouts. Overall, community engagement emerged as a critical factor in ensuring equity during disaster response efforts.Behavioral factors in safety training
AbstractGershon, R., & Zirkin, B. (n.d.).Publication year
1995Abstract~Behavioral-diagnostic analysis of compliance with universal precautions among nurses.
AbstractGershon, R., DeJoy, D. M., Searcy, C. A., Murphy, L. R., & Gershon, R. R. (n.d.).Publication year
2000Journal title
Journal of occupational health psychologyVolume
5Issue
1Page(s)
127-141AbstractThis study used the PRECEDE model (L.W. Green, M.W. Kreuter, S.G. Deeds, & K.B. Partridge, 1980) to examine individual, job-task, and environmental-organizational factors related to compliance with universal precautions (UP) among nurses. Structural equation modeling showed that the hypothesized model did a better job predicting general compliance (R2 = .41) than compliance with personal protective equipment (PPE; R2 = .18). All 3 categories of diagnostic factors (predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing) influenced general compliance, but predisposing factors were relatively unimportant for compliance with PPE. With a set of nested models, the greatest improvement in model fit occurred when the indirect effects of reinforcing factors were added. A positive safety climate may increase the likelihood that the work environment will contain features that enable workers to comply with safe work practices.Bloodborne pathogen exposure risk for non-hospital based healthcare workers
AbstractGershon, R., Qureshi, K. A., Gurney, C. A., Rosen, J. D., & Hogan, E. K. (n.d.).Publication year
2002Journal title
Clinics in Occupational and Environmental MedicineVolume
2Issue
3Page(s)
497-518Abstract~Catastrophe model for the exposure to blood-borne pathogens and other accidents in health care settings
AbstractGuastello, S. J., Gershon, R., & Murphy, L. R. (n.d.).Publication year
1999Journal title
Accident Analysis and PreventionVolume
31Issue
6Page(s)
739-749AbstractCatastrophe models, which describe and predict discontinuous changes in system state variables, were used to model the exposure to blood and bodily fluids and more conventional occupational accidents among 1708 health care workers. Workers at three hospitals completed a survey measuring HIV-relevant exposures (needlesticks, cuts, splashes, contact with open wounds), the accident rate for broadly-defined injuries, and several occupationally relevant themes: safety climate, shift work, depression symptoms, work pace, verbal abuse, and professional group membership. A cusp (cubic polynomial) model predicting HIV-relevant exposures specifically was more accurate (R2=0.56) than a comparable linear model containing the same variables (R2=0.07). Some of the foregoing variables predisposed workers to greater differences in HIV-relevant and general accident exposures: shiftwork, climate, depressive symptoms, and work pace. Other variables governed how close an individual was to a critical threshold where a harmful incident would take place: verbal abuse, professional group membership. Similarly, a cusp model for accident incidents predicted from HIV-relevant exposures and occupational variables was also more accurate (R2=0.75) than comparison models. Two variables predisposed the worker to a greater accident risk: depression symptoms and shift work. Four other variables predisposed the worker to lesser accident risk: job satisfaction, safety climate, environmental stressors, and work pace. Compliance with the universal precautions and HIV-related training were not relevant to either of the models.Clinicians' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Concerns Regarding Bioterrorism after a Brief Educational Program
AbstractGershon, R., Qureshi, K. A., Sepkowitz, K. A., Gurtman, A. C., Galea, S., & Sherman, M. F. (n.d.).Publication year
2004Journal title
Journal of Occupational and Environmental MedicineVolume
46Issue
1Page(s)
77-83AbstractWe conducted this study to determine the knowledge, attitudes, and intended behaviors of New York City clinicians regarding bioterrorism-related diseases after a brief educational program. Data on clinicians' knowledge and attitudes toward bioterrorism and related diseases were collected using a self-administered questionnaire following a 3.5-hour educational program. Participants (n = 310, 82% response rate) reported increased confidence in recognizing symptoms of bioterrorism-related diseases (89%), in addressing patients' bioterrorism concerns (83%), and ability to treat bioterrorism victims (75%). Despite a high level of confidence in the efficacy of infection control precautions, participants' knowledge scores regarding safe work practices suggest that additional education is warranted. Educational programs are useful in enhancing the public health response to bioterrorism and its consequences.Comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder and lower respiratory symptoms in disaster survivors : Qualitative results of a 17-year follow-up of World Trade Center disaster survivors
AbstractGargano, L. M., Gershon, R., Ogunyemi, A., Dorlette, D., Petrsoric, L. J., & Cone, J. E. (n.d.).Publication year
2019Journal title
Progress in Disaster ScienceVolume
4AbstractA better understanding of the experiences of disaster survivors with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and serious comorbid medical conditions may lead to improvements in treatment, and help reduce the public health and healthcare burden of affected individuals. The purpose of this qualitative study was threefold; first, to explore the relationship between PTSD and lower respiratory symptoms (LRS); second, to identify factors influencing self-management and treatment of both disorders; and third, to determine the impact of these comorbidities on quality of life. The goal was to identify strategies to improve coordination of medical and mental health management in order to reduce the symptomatic burden of these two health conditions. In-depth, semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted among 34 World Trade Center Health Registry (WTCHR) rescue/recovery workers and community members with both active LRS (self-reported history of cough, wheeze or shortness of breath) and report of PTSD diagnosis on their 2015–2016 survey. Thematic analysis identified 14 themes grouped into six main categories: relationship between LRS and PTSD, impact of symptoms on quality of life, medical management, symptom management strategies, current health status, and exposure history and symptoms. Participants spoke of a wide range of both symptom triggers and management strategies, including self-management and some maladaptive management behaviors such as smoking and alcohol consumption. Participants also spoke of feeling like there were gaps in their healthcare, particularly for mental health. In addition, many spoke to a lack of coordinated care between physical and mental health. The majority of participants did not feel that there was a link between their PTSD and LRS, and among them a large portion also reported a lack of control over their symptoms. Proactive and collaborative planning steps at multiple levels (healthcare, public health, disaster management) are needed to prevent adverse impacts of disasters. Because of the increasing trend in disasters (both natural and man-made), with potentially wide-ranging exposures, it is important to plan for the complex treatment of PTSD and other co-morbidities.Comparison of work-related injuries and illnesses in New York City transit workers from before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: preliminary findings
AbstractCziner, M., Hawkins, D., Rosen, J., Merdjanoff, A. A., & Gershon, R. (n.d.).AbstractComparison of work-related injuries and illnesses in New York City transit workers from before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: preliminary findings. Presented by PhD student Michael Cziner.Compliance with universal precautions among health care workers at three regional hospitals
AbstractGershon, R., Vlahov, D., Felknor, S. A., Vesley, D., Johnson, P. C., Delcios, G. L., & Murphy, L. R. (n.d.).Publication year
1995Journal title
AJIC: American Journal of Infection ControlVolume
23Issue
4Page(s)
225-236AbstractObjective: To assess and characterize self-reported levels of compliance with universal precautions among hospital-based health care workers and to determine correlates of compliance. Design: Confidential questionnaire survey of 1716 hospital-based health care workers. Participants: Participants were recruited from three geographically distinct hospitals. A stratified convenience sample of physicians, nurses, technicians, and phlebotomists working in emergency, surgery, critical care, and laboratory departments was selected from employment lists to receive the survey instrument. All participants had direct contact with either patients or patient specimens. Results: For this study, overall compliance was defined as "always" or "often" adhering to the desired protective behavior. Eleven different items composed the overall compliance scale. Compliance rates varied among the 11 items, from extremely high for certain activities (e.g., glove use, 97%; disposal of sharps, 95%) to low for others (e.g., wearing protective outer clothing, 62%; wearing eye protection, 63%). Compliance was strongly correlated with several key factors: (1) perceived organizational commitment to safety, (2) perceived conflict of interest between workers' need to protect themselves and their need to provide medical care to patients; (3) risk-taking personality; (4) perception of risk; (5) knowledge regarding routes of HIV transmission; and (6) training in universal precautions. Compliance rates were associated with some demographic characteristics: female workers had higher overall compliance scores than did male workers (25% of female and 19% of male respondents circled "always" or "often" on each of the 11 items, p < 0.05); and overall compliance scores were highest for nurses, intermediate for technicians, and lowest for physicians. Overall compliance scores were higher for the mid-Atlantic respondents (28%) than for those from the Southwest (20%) or Midwest (20%, p = 0.001). Conclusions: This study supports earlier findings regarding several compliance correlates (perception of risk, knowledge of universal precautions), but it also identifies important new variables, such as the organizational safety climate and perceived conflict of interest. Several modifiable variables were identified, and intervention programs that address as many of these factors as possible will probably succeed in facilitating employee compliance.Compliance with universal precautions among physicians
AbstractMichalsen, A., Delclos, G. L., Felknor, S. A., Davidson, A. L., Johnson, P. C., Vesley, D., Murphy, L. R., Kelen, G. D., & Gershon, R. (n.d.).Publication year
1997Journal title
Journal of Occupational and Environmental MedicineVolume
39Issue
2Page(s)
130-137AbstractThis should characterized and assessed self-reported levels of compliance with universal precautions (UP) among hospital-based physicians, and determined significant factors associated with both compliance and noncompliance. The physicians (n = 322) were a subgroup of a larger study population of hospital-based health care workers recruited from three geographically distinct locations (n = 1746), and were surveyed using a detailed confidential questionnaire that assessed personal, work-related, and organizational factors. Compliance with UP was measured through 11 items that examined how often physicians followed specific recommended work practices. Compliance was found to vary among the 11 items: they were high for certain activities (eg, glove use, 94%; disposal of sharps, 92%) and low for others (eg, wearing protective clothing, 55%; not recapping needles, 56%). Compliance with all items was low (31% to 38%). Stepwise logistic regression revealed that noncompliant physicians were likely to be age 37 or older, to report high work stress, and to perceive a conflict of interest between providing patient care and protecting themselves. Compliant physicians were more likely to be knowledgeable and to have been trained in universal precautions, to perceive protective measures as being effective, and to perceive an organizational commitment to safety.Compliance with universal precautions in correctional health care facilities
AbstractGershon, R., Karkashian, C. D., Vlahov, D., Kummer, L., Kasting, C., Green-McKenzie, J., Escamilla-Cejudo, J. A., Kendig, N., Swetz, A., & Martin, L. (n.d.).Publication year
1999Journal title
Journal of Occupational and Environmental MedicineVolume
41Issue
3Page(s)
181-189AbstractThere were three main objectives of this cross-sectional study of Maryland State correctional health care workers. The first was to evaluate compliance with work practices designed to minimize exposure to blood and body fluids; the second, to identify correlates of compliance with universal precautions (UPs); and the third was to determine the relationship, if any, between compliance and exposures. Of 216 responding health care workers, 34% reported overall compliance across all 15 items on a compliance scale. Rates for specific items were particularly low for use of certain types of personal protective equipment, such as protective eyewear (53.5%), face mask (47.2%) and protective clothing (33.9%). Compliance rates were highest for glove use (93.2%) waste disposal (89.8%), and sharps disposal (80.8%). Compliance rates were generally not associated with demographic factors, except for age; younger workers were more likely to be compliant with safe work practices than were older workers (P < 0.05). Compliance was positively associated with several work-related variables, including perceived safety climate (ie, management's commitment to infection control and the overall safety program) and job satisfaction, and was found to be inversely associated with security- related work constraints, job/task factors, adverse working conditions, workplace discrimination, and perceived work stress. Bloodborne exposures were not uncommon; 13.8% of all respondents had at least one bloodborne exposure within the previous 6 months, and compliance was inversely related to blood and body fluid exposures. This study identified several potentially modifiable correlates of compliance, including factors unique to the correctional setting. Infection-control interventional strategies specifically tailored to these health care workers may therefore be most effective in reducing the risk of bloodborne exposures.Construction trade and extraction workers : A population at high risk for drug use in the United States, 2005–2014
AbstractOmpad, D. C., Gershon, R., Sandh, S., Acosta, P., & Palamar, J. J. (n.d.).Publication year
2019Journal title
Drug and alcohol dependenceVolume
205AbstractObjective: To estimate prevalence of past-month marijuana, cocaine, and nonmedical prescription opioid (NPO) use and determine employment-related correlates of drug use among construction trade/extraction workers (CTEW). Methods: We analyzed ten years of data (2005–2014) from 293,492 adults (age≥18) in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, comparing CTEW and non-CTEW. Results: CTEW were 5.6% (n = 16,610) of the sample. Compared to non-CTEW, CTEW were significantly more likely to report past-month marijuana (12.3% vs. 7.5%), cocaine (1.8% vs. 0.8%), and/or NPO use (3.4% vs. 2.0%; Ps3 employers was associated with increased odds of marijuana and NPO use. Missing 1–2 days in the past month because the participant did not want to go into work was associated with increased odds for use of marijuana, cocaine, and NPO use. Missing 3–5 days of work in the past month because sick or injured was associated with double the odds (aOR = 2.00 [95% CI: 1.33–3.02]) of using NPO. Having written drug policies was associated with reduced odds for cocaine use, and workplace tests for drug use during hiring and random drug testing were also associated with lower odds of marijuana use. Conclusions: CTEW are a high-risk population for drug use. Precarious employment is associated with higher prevalence of drug use while some workplace drug policies were associated with lower prevalence. Coupled with reports of high overdose mortality among CTEW, these findings suggest that prevention and harm reduction programming is needed to prevent drug-related morbidity and mortality among CTEW.Coping Behavior and Risk of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among Federal Disaster Responders
AbstractLoo, G. T., Dimaggio, C. J., Gershon, R., Canton, D. B., Morse, S. S., & Galea, S. (n.d.).Publication year
2016Journal title
Disaster medicine and public health preparednessVolume
10Issue
1Page(s)
108-117AbstractBackground Our knowledge about the impact of coping behavior styles in people exposed to stressful disaster events is limited. Effective coping behavior has been shown to be a psychosocial stress modifier in both occupational and nonoccupational settings. Methods Data were collected by using a web-based survey that administered the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Checklist-Civilian, General Coping Questionnaire-30, and a supplementary questionnaire assessing various risk factors. Logistic regression models were used to test for the association of the 3 coping styles with probable PTSD following disaster exposure among federal disaster responders. Results In this sample of 549 study subjects, avoidant coping behavior was most associated with probable PTSD. In tested regression models, the odds ratios ranged from 1.19 to 1.26 and 95% confidence intervals ranged from 1.08 to 1.35. With control for various predictors, emotion-based coping behavior was also found to be associated with probable PTSD (odds ratio=1.11; 95% confidence interval: 1.01-1.22). Conclusion This study found that in disaster responders exposed to traumatic disaster events, the likelihood of probable PTSD can be influenced by individual coping behavior style and other covariates. The continued probability of disasters underscores the critical importance of these findings both in terms of guiding mental health practitioners in treating exposed disaster responders and in stimulating future research.Correlates of attitudes concerning human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome among hospital workers
AbstractGershon, R., Curbow, B., Kelen, G., Celantano, D., Lears, K., & Vlahov, D. (n.d.).Publication year
1994Journal title
AJIC: American Journal of Infection ControlVolume
22Issue
5Page(s)
293-299AbstractBackground: Correlates of attitudes related to HIV and AIDS for both clinical and nonclinical support hospital workers have not been well described. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among employees of an acute care, inner-city hospital to assess attitudes related to HIV and AIDS. Results: A 51% response rate was obtained, with completed questionnaires obtained from 321 clinical workers and 245 nonclinical workers. The proportions tolerant of patients with HIV infection were 83% and 78%, respectively. Factors associated with a tolerant attitude in clinical workers included personally knowing someone with AIDS, high scores on general AIDS knowledge, high knowledge scores on modes of transmission, low levels of fear, and accurate perceptions of occupational risk. In nonclinical workers, factors associated with tolerance included having been tested for HIV, personally knowing someone with AIDS, accurate perceptions of occupational risk, low levels of fear, high scores on general AIDS knowledge, and high knowledge scores on modes of transmission. Conclusions: Although the study was cross-sectional, the data suggest potentially modifiable factors associated with AIDS-related attitudes. These factors may be amenable to intervention among both clinical and nonclinical support hospital employees.Correlates of infection control practices in dentistry
AbstractGershon, R., Gershon, R. R., Karkashian, C., Vlahov, D., Grimes, M., & Spannhake, E. (n.d.).Publication year
1998Journal title
American Journal of Infection ControlVolume
26Issue
1Page(s)
29-34AbstractBackground: Studies conducted in the first decade of the AIDS epidemic indicated that, in general, dentists had suboptimal levels of compliance with standard infection control practices, including work practices designed to reduce exposure to bloodborne pathogens. This study was designed to assess current rates of compliance with these practices in a population of Maryland dentists and to identify correlates of safe work practices. Methods: We surveyed 648 Maryland dentists using a confidential, self-administered questionnaire. Results: Three hundred and ninety-two questionnaires were returned (60% response rate). We found that infection control practices were variable as reported by responding dentists. In addition, several potentially modifiable factors were found to be significantly correlated with these practices, including (1) attitudes toward patients infected with HIV and (2) safety program management within the practice. Conclusion: These data are encouraging in that recommended infection control practices are being adopted, at least among a sample of Maryland dentists. Strategies for further improvement are identified.