Pictured: Researchers found geographic differences in 988 use, with higher use in the West and Northeast and lower use in the South. © 2025 Purtle et al. JAMA Network Open
Studies reveal who is likely to use or not use 988—knowledge that can be deployed for targeted communication campaigns to reach those experiencing mental health crises
Who is most likely to use the 988, the national suicide and crisis lifeline launched on July 16, 2022?
Two studies led by researchers at the NYU School of Global Public Health find both geographic differences and personal factors that shape where people might seek help during mental health crises. For instance, people in western and northeastern states are more likely to have called 988 than those in the South; similarly, Democrats are more inclined to say that they would use 988 than Republicans. In addition, more than 10 percent of calls came from veterans.
The findings, published in JAMA Network Open and Health Affairs, can inform tailored communication campaigns about 988 and other mental health services to better connect people in crisis with resources.
“The success of 988 will ultimately hinge on the extent to which people are aware of 988, have positive attitudes towards it, and reach out to it when experiencing suicidality or another mental health crisis,” said Jonathan Purtle, associate professor of public health policy and management at the NYU School of Global Public Health, who led the research.