David B Abrams

Professor of Social and Behavioral Sciences

Professional overview

Dr. David Abrams' career focuses on systems and social learning frameworks to inform population health enhancement. He has experience in testing theory, research design, measuring mechanisms of behavior change and outcome, and evaluating clinical trials (behavioral and pharmacological). His interests span topics from basic bio-behavioral mechanisms and clinical treatments to policy across risk factors and behaviors (e.g. tobacco/nicotine; alcohol, obesity, co-morbidity of medical and mental health), disease states (cancer; cardiovascular; HIV-AIDS), levels (biological, individual, organizational, worksite, community, global, and internet based), populations and disparities. His interests converge in the domain of implementation science to cost-efficiently inform evidence-based public health practice and policymaking.

Through transdisciplinary and translational research strategies, Dr. Abrams provides scientific leadership in tobacco control. His current focus is in strengthening global and United States tobacco and nicotine management strategies. Deaths of 1 billion smokers are estimated by 2100 caused overwhelmingly by use of combustible (smoked) tobacco products, not nicotine. Harm minimization is a key overarching systems strategy to speed the net public health benefit of emergent disruptive technologies for cleaner nicotine delivery. The goal is more rapid elimination of preventable deaths, disease burdens, and the widening gap in health disparities driven disproportionately by disparities in smoking.

Dr. Abrams was a professor and founding director of the Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine at Brown University Medical School. He then directed the Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Until 2017, he was Professor of Health Behavior and Society at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and the founding Executive Director of the Schroeder National Institute of Tobacco Research and Policy Studies at Truth Initiative (formerly the American Legacy Foundation).

Dr. Abrams has published over 250 peer reviewed scholarly articles and been a Principal Investigator on numerous NIH grants. He is lead author of The Tobacco Dependence Treatment Handbook: A Guide to Best Practices. He has served on expert panels at NIH and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine on Obesity, Alcohol Misuse and Ending the Tobacco Problem: A Blueprint for the Nation. He has also served on the Board of Scientific Advisors of the National Cancer Institute (NIH-NCI) and was President of the Society of Behavioral Medicine.

For a complete list of Dr. Abrams' published work, click here.

Education

BSc (Hons), Psychology and Computer Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

MS, Clinical Psychology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ

PhD, Clinical Psychology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ

Postdoctoral Fellow, Brown Medical School, Providence, RI

Honors and awards

Research Laureate Award, American Academy of Health Behavior (2014)

Joseph W. Cullen Memorial Award for Tobacco Research, American Society for Preventive Oncology (2008)

Distinguished Alumni Award: Rutgers University, The Graduate School, New Brunswick, NJ (2007)

The Musiker-Miranda Distinguished Service Award, American Psychological Association (2006)

Distinguished Service Award, Society of Behavioral Medicine (2006)

Outstanding Research Mentor Award, Society of Behavioral Medicine (2006)

Book of the Year Award: Tobacco Dependence Treatment Handbook. American Journal of Nursing (2005)

Distinguished Scientist Award, Society of Behavioral Medicine (1998)

Areas of research and study

Behavioral Science

Chronic Diseases

Evaluations

Implementation and Impact of Public Health Regulations

Implementation science

Population Health

Public Health Pedagogy

Public Health Systems

Research Design

Systems Integration

Systems Interventions

Tobacco Control

Translational science

Publications

Publications

Predicting increases in readiness to quit smoking : A prospective analysis using the contemplation ladder

Abrams, D., Herzog, T. A., Abrams, D. B., Emmons, K. M., & Linnan, L. (n.d.).

Publication year

2000

Journal title

Psychology and Health

Volume

15

Issue

3

Page(s)

369-381

10.1080/08870440008401999

Abstract

Abstract

Most smokers are not motivated to quit. The transtheoretical model posits mechanisms (processes of change and pros and cons) by which smokers might increase their stage of readiness to quit. While cross-sectional relationships among the stages of change, processes of change, and pros and cons are well established, there is little evidence that processes of change and pros and cons predict progressive stage movements. This study uses data from a large worksite-based cancer prevention study (the Working Well Trial) to test the hypothesis that processes of change and the pros and cons of smoking predict progressive movement up the contemplation ladder, which is an alternative measure of motivation to quit smoking based on social cognitive theory. The results indicate that experiential processes of change promote increases in readiness to quit smoking. This study provides further evidence for the predictive validity of the contemplation ladder and sheds light on how unmotivated, nonvolunteer smokers can be motivated to consider cessation.

Predictors of attrition in a smoking cessation trial conducted in the lung cancer screening setting

Abrams, D. (n.d.).

Publication year

2021

Journal title

Contemporary Clinical Trials

Volume

106

10.1016/j.cct.2021.106429

Abstract

Abstract

Significance: Although it is a requirement that tobacco treatment is offered to cigarette smokers undergoing low-dose computed tomographic lung cancer screening (LCS), not all smokers engage in treatment. To understand the barriers to tobacco treatment in this setting, we evaluated predictors of attrition in a smoking cessation trial among individuals undergoing LCS. Methods: Prior to LCS, 926 participants, 50–80 years old, completed the baseline (T0) phone assessment, including demographic, clinical, tobacco, and psychological characteristics. Following LCS and receipt of the results, participants completed the pre-randomization (T1) assessment. Results: At the T1 assessment, 735 (79%) participants were retained and 191 (21%) dropped out. In multivariable analyses, attrition was higher among those who: smoked >1 pack per day (OR = 1.44, CI 1.01, 2.06) or had undergone their first (vs. annual) LCS scan (OR = 1.70, CI 1.20, 2.42). Attrition was lower among those with: more education (associates (OR = 0.67, CI = 0.46, 0.98) or bachelor's degree (OR = 0.56, CI 0.35, 0.91) vs. high school/GED), some (vs. none/a little) worry about lung cancer (OR = 0.60, CI 0.39, 0.92), or a screening result that was benign (OR = 0.57, CI 0.39, 0.82) or probably benign (OR = 0.38, CI 0.16, 0.90) vs. negative. Conclusions: This study illuminated several LCS-related factors that contributed to trial attrition. Increasing tobacco treatment in this setting will require targeted strategies for those who report little lung cancer worry, are undergoing their first LCS exam, and/or who have a negative LCS result. Addressing attrition and reducing barriers to tobacco treatment will increase the likelihood of cessation, thereby reducing the risk of developing lung cancer.

Preliminary evaluation of a telephone-based smoking cessation intervention in the lung cancer screening setting : A randomized clinical trial

Abrams, D., Taylor, K. L., Hagerman, C. J., Luta, G., Bellini, P. G., Stanton, C., Abrams, D. B., Kramer, J. A., Anderson, E., Regis, S., McKee, A., McKee, B., Niaura, R., Harper, H., & Ramsaier, M. (n.d.).

Publication year

2017

Journal title

Lung Cancer

Volume

108

Page(s)

242-246

10.1016/j.lungcan.2017.01.020

Abstract

Abstract

Incorporating effective smoking cessation interventions into lung cancer screening (LCS) programs will be essential to realizing the full benefit of screening. We conducted a pilot randomized trial to determine the feasibility and efficacy of a telephone-counseling (TC) smoking cessation intervention vs. usual care (UC) in the LCS setting. In collaboration with 3 geographically diverse LCS programs, we enrolled current smokers (61.5% participation rate) who were: registered to undergo LCS, 50–77 years old, and had a 20+ pack-year smoking history. Eligibility was not based on readiness to quit. Participants completed pre-LCS (T0) and post-LCS (T1) telephone assessments, were randomized to TC (N = 46) vs. UC (N = 46), and completed a final 3-month telephone assessment (T2). Both study arms received a list of evidence-based cessation resources. TC participants also received up to 6 brief counseling calls with a trained cessation counselor. Counseling calls incorporated motivational interviewing and utilized the screening result as a motivator for quitting. The outcome was biochemically verified 7-day point prevalence cessation at 3-months post-randomization. Participants (56.5% female) were 60.2 (SD = 5.4) years old and reported 47.1 (SD = 22.2) pack years; 30% were ready to stop smoking in the next 30 days. TC participants completed an average of 4.4 (SD = 2.3) sessions. Using intent-to-treat analyses, biochemically verified quit rates were 17.4% (TC) vs. 4.3% (UC), p < .05. This study provides preliminary evidence that telephone-based cessation counseling is feasible and efficacious in the LCS setting. As millions of current smokers are now eligible for lung cancer screening, this setting represents an important opportunity to exert a large public health impact on cessation among smokers who are at very high risk for multiple tobacco-related diseases. If this evidence-based, brief, and scalable intervention is replicated, TC could help to improve the overall cost-effectiveness of LCS. Trial registration NCT02267096, https://clinicaltrials.gov

Present and future horizons for transdisciplinary research

Abrams, D., Rimer, B. K., & Abrams, D. S. (n.d.).

Publication year

2012

Journal title

American journal of preventive medicine

Volume

42

Issue

2

Page(s)

200-201

10.1016/j.amepre.2011.10.010

Abstract

Abstract

~

Prevalence and correlates of smoking among people living with HIV in South Africa

Abrams, D., Elf, J. L., Variava, E., Chon, S., Lebina, L., Motlhaoleng, K., Gupte, N., Niaura, R. S., Abrams, D. S., Golub, J. E., & Martinson, N. (n.d.).

Publication year

2018

Journal title

Nicotine and Tobacco Research

Volume

20

Issue

9

Page(s)

1124-1131

10.1093/ntr/ntx145

Abstract

Abstract

Introduction: Smoking likely exacerbates comorbidities which people living with HIV (PLWH) are predisposed. We assessed prevalence and correlates of smoking among PLWH in South Africa, which has 7 million PLWH but inadequate reporting of smoking. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among randomly selected adults with HIV infection in Klerksdorp, South Africa. Current smoking was assessed by questionnaire, exhaled carbon monoxide (eCO), and urine cotinine. Results: Of 1210 enrolled adults, 753 (62%) were women. In total, 409 (34%) self-reported ever smoking: 301 (74%) were current and 108 (26%) were former smokers. Using eCO and urine cotinine tests, 239 (52%) men and 100 (13%) women were defined as current smokers. Nearly all smokers (99%) were receiving ART, and had a median (IQR) CD4 count of 333 cells/μL (181-534), viral load of 31 IU/mL (25-4750), and BMI of 21 kg/m2 (19-24). Adjusted analysis among men showed higher odds of smoking with marijuana use (OR = 7.5, 95% CI = 4.1 to 14.6). Among women, 304 (43%) reported using snuff, compared to only 11 (3%) of men, and snuff use was inversely associated with smoking (OR = 0.1; 95% CI = 0.05 to 0.2). A subset of participants (n = 336) was asked about alcohol use, which was positively associated with smoking for men (OR = 8.1, 95% CI = 2.8 to 25.9) and women (OR = 8.5, 95% CI = 2.9 to 26.8). Conclusion: Smoking prevalence among PLWH in South Africa is alarmingly high. Prevention and cessation strategies that consider marijuana and alcohol use are needed. Implications: As long-term HIV care continues to improve, more people living with HIV (PLWH) will die of diseases, including tuberculosis, for which smoking plays an important causal role. The prevalence of smoking is markedly higher among PLWH in high-resource settings, but data for Africa and other low-resource settings that shoulder the brunt of the HIV epidemic has previously not been well documented. We report an alarmingly high prevalence of smoking among PLWH in South Africa, particularly among men, and a strong association between current smoking and use of other substances.

Prevalence and Correlates of Snuff Use, and its Association with Tuberculosis, among Women Living with HIV in South Africa

Abrams, D., Elf, J. L., Variava, E., Chon, S., Lebina, L., Motlhaoleng, K., Gupte, N., Niaura, R. S., Abrams, D. S., Martinson, N., & Golub, J. E. (n.d.).

Publication year

2019

Journal title

Nicotine and Tobacco Research

Volume

21

Issue

8

Page(s)

1087-1092

10.1093/ntr/nty137

Abstract

Abstract

Introduction: A higher proportion of people living with HIV (PLWH) smoke compared to the general population, but little information exists about the prevalence and correlates of smokeless tobacco use among PLWH. In South Africa, dry powdered tobacco is inhaled nasally as snuff. Methods: A cross-sectional survey among PLWH attending three HIV clinics was conducted. Snuff use was assessed via self-report and urine cotinine. Results: Given the low (3%) prevalence of snuff use among men, analysis was restricted to n = 606 nonsmoking women living with HIV. Half (n = 298, 49%) were snuff users, the majority of whom (n = 244, 84%) had a positive urine cotinine test. In adjusted analysis, snuff use was negatively associated with higher education (relative risk [RR] 0.55; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.39, 0.77) and mobile phone ownership (RR 0.83; 95% CI: 0.71, 0.98), and positively associated with ever having tuberculosis (TB) (RR 1.22; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.45). In adjusted analysis, with current TB as the outcome, snuff use was marginally statistically significantly associated with a twofold increase in odds of a current TB diagnosis (odds ratio [OR] 1.99; 95% CI: 0.98, 4.15). Discussion: A high proportion of nonsmoking South African women living with HIV use snuff, which was a risk factor for TB. Additional research is needed to understand the relationship between snuff, TB, and other potential health risks. Implications: PLWH have a higher prevalence of smoking than their seronegative peers, but there is a paucity of research on smokeless tobacco use in this population, especially in low-resource settings. TB is the leading cause of death among PLWH, and with improvements to HIV treatment and care, PLWH are at greater risk of tobacco-related diseases. We report an extremely high prevalence of snuff use among women living with HIV in South Africa. Further, in this population snuff use is positively associated with ever having a TB diagnosis, as well as currently having TB.

Preventing Smoking Progression in Young Adults : the Concept of Prevescalation

Abrams, D., Villanti, A. C., Niaura, R. S., Abrams, D. B., & Mermelstein, R. (n.d.).

Publication year

2019

Journal title

Prevention Science

Volume

20

Issue

3

Page(s)

377-384

10.1007/s11121-018-0880-y

Abstract

Abstract

As adolescents cross the threshold to young adulthood, they encounter more opportunities to engage in or accelerate previously discouraged or prohibited behaviors. Young adults, therefore, are more apt to initiate cigarette smoking and, more importantly, to accelerate their use if they tried and experimented as an adolescent. Preventing the escalation and entrenchment of smoking in the young adult years is critically important to reducing tobacco’s long-term health toll. However, traditional interventions for youth have focused on preventing smoking initiation, and interventions for adults have focused on smoking cessation; both have failed to address the needs of young adults. We introduce the concept of “prevescalation” to capture the need and opportunity to prevent the escalation of risk behaviors that typically occur during young adulthood, with a focus on the example of cigarette smoking. Prevescalation negates the notion that prevention has failed if tobacco experimentation occurs during adolescence and focuses on understanding and interrupting transitions between experimentation with tobacco products and established tobacco use that largely occur during young adulthood. However, since risk behaviors often co-occur in young people, the core concept of prevescalation may apply to other behaviors that co-occur and become harder to change in later adulthood. We present a new framework for conceptualizing, developing, and evaluating interventions that better fit the unique behavioral, psychosocial, and socio-environmental characteristics of the young adult years. We discuss the need to target this transitional phase, what we know about behavioral pathways and predictors of cigarette smoking, potential intervention considerations, and research challenges.

Prevention and treatment of alcohol-related problems : Research opportunities. Committee to identify research opportunities in the prevention and treatment of alcohol-related problems

Abrams, D., Meyer, R. E., Murray, R. F., Babor, T. F., Farquhar, J. W., Greenlick, M. R., Helzer, J. E., Holder, H. D., Kellam, S. G., Li, T. K., Woody, G. E., Abrams, D. B., Greenberg, B. S., Hingson, R., Fuller, R., McCrady, B. S., McLellan, T., Miller, W. R., Fraenkel, A., & Solomon, F. (n.d.).

Publication year

1992

Journal title

Journal of Studies on Alcohol

Volume

53

Issue

1

Page(s)

5-16

10.15288/jsa.1992.53.5

Abstract

Abstract

This article summarizes the major themes, conclusions and recommendations of a 2-year study conducted for the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism by the Institute of Medicine. The study is devoted to the identification of research opportunities that will improve knowledge about the prevention and treatment of alcohol problems. In the first part of the report, the study committee examines the social and personal aspects of alcohol-related problems toward which prevention efforts are directed; delineates the features of a public health orientation that it deems most appropriate for the prevention task; discusses individual vulnerability to alcohol misuse; and reviews genetic, developmental and social learning perspectives on prevention. In the second part of the report, which is devoted to treatment research, the committee considers the underlying philosophical issues as well as the formidable methodological problems in conducting treatment research. Central to this is a broad review of promising treatment modalities and the research needed for developing effective patient-treatment matching schemes. In the final part of the report, the committee concludes that cooperative multisite research efforts are indispensable to the implementation of the research directions it recommends.

Professional versus self-help weight loss at the worksite : The challenge of making a public health impact

Abrams, D., Peterson, G., Abrams, D. B., Elder, J. P., & Beaudin, P. A. (n.d.).

Publication year

1985

Journal title

Behavior Therapy

Volume

16

Issue

2

Page(s)

213-222

10.1016/S0005-7894(85)80047-2

Abstract

Abstract

The need has been identified to treat obesity in sufficiently large numbers of individuals to achieve a public health impact. The workplace is a prime site for such interventions. Previous worksite studies have demonstrated that behavioral programs are feasible, but expensive professional programs, high attrition rates, and poor maintenance have all compromised cost effectiveness. One way to address these challenges is to train in-house volunteers to conduct self-help treament programs. The present study, a randomized trial conducted in a blue-collar industry, compared volunteer leaders to professional leaders. In the self-help condition, the volunteer leaders were elected from within the groups themselves using a social network endorsement system. Dependent measures included percent overweight, weight reduction quotient, attendance and a cost-effectiveness index. When only those who completed treatment and follow-up were considered, the professionally led groups lost and maintained the loss of significantly more weight than the self-help groups. But, when dropouts were included as treatment failures, both groups did equally well. The formidable challenges behind the development of behavioral programs that can make a public health impact are discussed.

Promise and peril of e-cigarettes can disruptive technology make cigarettes obsolete?

Abrams, D., & Abrams, D. B. (n.d.).

Publication year

2014

Journal title

JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association

Volume

311

Issue

2

Page(s)

135-136

10.1001/jama.2013.285347

Abstract

Abstract

~

Properties of saliva cotinine in young adult light smokers

Abrams, D., Carey, K. B., & Abrams, D. B. (n.d.).

Publication year

1988

Journal title

American journal of public health

Volume

78

Issue

7

Page(s)

842-843

10.2105/AJPH.78.7.842

Abstract

Abstract

The half-life of saliva cotinine and its accuracy at detecting light or intermittent smoking were examined. Five subjects provided daily saliva samples for 23 days and quit smoking on day 4. An average of 2.8 days was required for saliva cotinine to drop below the cutoff for classification as a smoker. All smokers smoked intermittently at various times after day 9. In most cases the smoking of one or two cigarettes was detected in the saliva sample on subsequent days. Saliva cotinine was sensitive to low rates of smoking and to intermittent smoking.

Psychophysiologic reactivity and smoking

Abrams, D., & Abrams, D. S. (n.d.).

Publication year

1988

Abstract

Abstract

~

Psychosocial assessment and coping skills treatment for cocaine abuse: Preliminary results

Abrams, D., Rohsenow, D., Monti, P., & Abrams, D. S. (n.d.). (F. Tims, J. Blaine, L. Onken, & B. Tai, Eds.).

Publication year

2003

Abstract

Abstract

~

Psychosocial stress and coping in smokers who relapse or quit.

Abrams, D., Abrams, D. B., Monti, P. M., Pinto, R. P., Elder, J. P., Brown, R. A., & Jacobus, S. I. (n.d.).

Publication year

1987

Journal title

Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association

Volume

6

Issue

4

Page(s)

289-303

10.1037/0278-6133.6.4.289

Abstract

Abstract

Relapse remains a major problem in successful smoking cessation. This study evaluated selected responses and coping skills in male and female quitters and relapsers in four situational contexts: general social competence, smoking-specific "high-risk-for-relapse" situations, social anxiety, and relaxation. Results showed that quitters coped better than relapsers with intrapersonal (e.g., negative mood) smoking-specific situations. Quitters had lower heart rates than relapsers during relaxation and intrapersonal situations and had lower anxiety scores at the end of the procedures. Women showed more stress and less confidence in their ability to cope than did men. Groups did not differ in responses to the general social competence and social anxiety procedures. Results are discussed in the context of the importance of considering individual differences in responses and in coping skills for treatment and relapse prevention for smokers.

Public misperception that very low nicotine cigarettes are less carcinogenic

Abrams, D., Justin Byron, M., Jeong, M., Abrams, D. B., & Brewer, N. T. (n.d.).

Publication year

2018

Journal title

Tobacco control

Volume

27

Issue

6

Page(s)

712-714

10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2017-054124

Abstract

Abstract

Objective The USA is considering a very low nicotine content (VLNC) cigarette standard. We sought to characterise the prevalence and correlates of the incorrect belief that VLNC cigarettes are less carcinogenic than current cigarettes, as this could reduce motivation to quit. Methods Participants were a nationally representative sample of 650 adult smokers in the USA. In 2015-2016, before the VLNC proposal became public, these smokers took part in an online survey. We used multivariate weighted analyses to calculate ORs and percentages and a Ï ‡ 2 test to examine the association between variables. Results Overall, 47.1% of smokers believed that smoking VLNC cigarettes for 30 years would be less likely to cause cancer than smoking current cigarettes. This misperception was more common among smokers who were aged above 55 (56.6%) and black (57.4%). Additionally, 23.9% of smokers reported they would be less likely to quit if the USA adopted a VLNC standard. Thinking that VLNC cigarettes would be less carcinogenic was associated with smokers reporting they would be less likely to quit (P

Public support for mandated nicotine reduction in cigarettes

Abrams, D., Pearson, J. L., Abrams, D. B., Niaura, R. S., Richardson, A., & Vallone, D. M. (n.d.).

Publication year

2013

Journal title

American journal of public health

Volume

103

Issue

3

Page(s)

562-567

10.2105/AJPH.2012.300890

Abstract

Abstract

Objectives. We assessed public support for a potential Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-mandated reduction in cigarette nicotine content. Methods. We used nationally representative data from a June 2010 crosssectional survey of US adults (n = 2649) to obtain weighted point estimates and correlates of support for mandated nicotine reduction. We also assessed the potential role of political ideology in support of FDA regulation of nicotine. Results. Nearly 50% of the public supported mandated cigarette nicotine reduction, with another 28% having no strong opinion concerning this potential FDA regulation. Support for nicotine reduction was highest among Hispanics, African Americans, and those with less than a high school education. Among smokers, the odds of supporting FDA nicotine regulation were 2.77 times higher among smokers who intended to quit in the next 6 months than among those with no plans to quit. Conclusions. Mandating nicotine reduction in cigarettes to nonaddictive levels may reduce youth initiation and facilitate adult cessation. The reasons behind nicotine regulation need to be communicated to the public to preempt tobacco industry efforts to impede such a regulation.

Quit attempts and quit rates among menthol and nonmenthol smokers in the United States

Abrams, D., Levy, D. T., Blackman, K., Tauras, J., Chaloupka, F. J., Villanti, A. C., Niaura, R. S., Vallone, D. M., & Abrams, D. B. (n.d.).

Publication year

2011

Journal title

American journal of public health

Volume

101

Issue

7

Page(s)

1241-1247

10.2105/AJPH.2011.300178

Abstract

Abstract

Objectives: We compared quit attempts and quit rates among menthol and nonmenthol cigarette smokers in the United States. Methods: We used data from the 2003 and 2006-2007 waves of the large, nationally representative Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey with control for state-level tobacco control spending, prices, and smokefree air laws. We estimated mean prevalence, quit rates, and multivariate logistic regression equations by using self-respondent weights for menthol and nonmenthol smokers. Results: In 2003 and 2007, 70% of smokers smoked nonmenthol cigarettes, 26% smoked menthol cigarettes, and 4% had no preference. Quit attempts were 4.3% higher in 2003 and 8.8% higher in 2007 among menthol than nonmenthol smokers. The likelihood of quitting was 3.5% lower for quitting in the past year and 6% lower for quitting in the past 5 years in menthol compared with nonmenthol smokers. Quit success in the past 5 years was further eroded among menthol-smoking Blacks and young adults. Conclusions: Menthol smokers are more likely to make quit attempts, but are less successful at staying quit. The creation of menthol preference through marketing may reduce quit success.

Rationale, design, and baseline data for Commit to Quit : An exercise efficacy trial for smoking cessation among women

Abrams, D., Marcus, B. H., King, T. K., Albrecht, A. E., Parisi, A. F., & Abrams, D. B. (n.d.).

Publication year

1997

Journal title

Preventive Medicine

Volume

26

Issue

4

Page(s)

586-597

10.1006/pmed.1997.0180

Abstract

Abstract

Background. The Commit to Quit trial was designed to address the methodological problems of prior studies that have examined the contribution of exercise to smoking cessation. Methods. This paper provides an overview of the study design and describes the sample of women who participated in this trial (N = 281). Interrelationships among eating, exercise, and smoking behavior are examined. Results. Subjects randomized into the study compared with the sample of women who completed the initial assessment but were not randomized were more likely to be white, to have at least a high school education, and to smoke fewer cigarettes per day. Overall, the most frequent ineligibility criteria were health-related issues and scheduling conflicts. On average, participants in this study smoked more cigarettes per day than national samples of women smokers. Significant interrelationships include the positive association of motivational readiness for quitting smoking and enhanced levels of dietary restraint and the positive association of motivational readiness for exercise adoption and high levels of weight concern. Conclusions. This study represents the first adequately powered randomized controlled clinical trial comparing the relative efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral smoking cessation treatment plus vigorous exercise with the same treatment plus contact control.

Rationale, design, and baseline data for Commit to Quit II : An evaluation of the efficacy of moderate-intensity physical activity as an aid to smoking cessation in women

Abrams, D., Marcus, B. H., Lewis, B. A., King, T. K., Albrecht, A. E., Hogan, J., Bock, B., Parisi, A. F., & Abrams, D. B. (n.d.).

Publication year

2003

Journal title

Preventive Medicine

Volume

36

Issue

4

Page(s)

479-492

10.1016/S0091-7435(02)00051-8

Abstract

Abstract

Background. Commit to Quit II is a 4-year randomized controlled trial comparing the efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral smoking cessation treatment plus moderate-intensity physical activity with the same cessation treatment plus contact control. Methods. Sedentary women smokers (n = 217) were randomized to receive 8 weeks of treatment followed by 12 months of follow-up. This article outlines the study design, presents baseline data about the sample, and compares the sample to national samples and to our previous study examining vigorous-intensity exercise as an aid to smoking cessation. Results. Married and white participants reported significantly higher levels of nicotine dependence than nonmarried and minority participants. Higher levels of nicotine dependence were also significantly related to lower smoking cessation self-efficacy and higher levels of self-reported depression, anxiety, and perceived stress. Additionally, participants smoked significantly more cigarettes (mean 20.6) than a national sample of female smokers (mean 16.1). On average, participants were significantly older, weighed significantly more, and scored significantly higher on a measure of anxiety than participants in our previous trial. Conclusions. Our sample consisted of women who were heavier smokers than national samples seeking treatment. It remains to be determined how this will impact their ability to attain cessation in the present study.

Re : Disregarding the impact of nicotine on the developing brain when evaluating costs and benefits of noncombustible nicotine products

Abrams, D., Abrams, D. B., Glasser, A. M., Villanti, A. C., Pearson, J. L., Rose, S., & Niaura, R. S. (n.d.).

Publication year

2019

Journal title

Preventive Medicine

Volume

120

Page(s)

158-159

10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.12.027

Abstract

Abstract

This Letter to the Editor is in response to a letter from Ms. Flannery, titled, “Disregarding the impact of nicotine on the developing brain when evaluating costs and benefits of noncombustible nicotine products”. In our response, we address some concerns raised by Ms. Flannery, and reiterate our position in our original article. In particular, we underline the importance of a rational public health calculus that weighs beneficial and harmful consequences of policies related to noncombustible nicotine product (NNP) use. We further emphasize the need to correct misperceptions about relative risk of different products to encourage smokers to switch to NNPs. Lastly, we are explicit about our assertion that no use of any nicotine-containing products is the only way to avoid harm at any age, but that we must view this issue pragmatically for the benefit of public health.

Reaching Healthy People 2010 by 2013. A SimSmoke Simulation

Abrams, D., Levy, D. T., Mabry, P. L., Graham, A. L., Orleans, C. T., & Abrams, D. B. (n.d.).

Publication year

2010

Journal title

American journal of preventive medicine

Volume

38

Issue

3 SUPPL. 1

Page(s)

S373-S381

10.1016/j.amepre.2009.11.018

Abstract

Abstract

Background: Healthy People (HP2010) set as a goal to reduce adult smoking prevalence to 12% by 2010. Purpose: This paper uses simulation modeling to examine the effects of three tobacco control policies and cessation treatment policies-alone and in conjunction-on population smoking prevalence. Methods: Building on previous versions of the SimSmoke model, the effects of a defined set of policies on quit attempts, treatment use, and treatment effectiveness are estimated as potential levers to reduce smoking prevalence. The analysis considers the effects of (1) price increases through cigarette tax increases, (2) smokefree indoor air laws, (3) mass media/educational policies, and (4) evidence-based and promising cessation treatment policies. Results: Evidence-based cessation treatment policies have the strongest effect, boosting the population quit rate by 78.8% in relative terms. Treatment policies are followed by cigarette tax increases (65.9%); smokefree air laws (31.8%); and mass media/educational policies (18.2%). Relative to the status quo in 2020, the model projects that smoking prevalence is reduced by 14.3% through a nationwide tax increase of $2.00, by 7.2% through smokefree laws, by 4.7% through mass media/educational policies, and by 16.5% through cessation treatment policies alone. Implementing all of the above policies at the same time would increase the quit rate by 296%, such that the HP2010 smoking prevalence goal of 12% is reached by 2013. Conclusions: The impact of a combination of policies led to some surprisingly positive possible futures in lowering smoking prevalence to 12% within just several years. Simulation models can be a useful tool for evaluating complex scenarios in which policies are implemented simultaneously, and for which there are limited data.

Reactivity of Alcoholics and Nonalcoholics to Drinking Cues

Abrams, D., Monti, P. M., Binkoff, J. A., Abrams, D. B., Zwick, W. R., Nirenberg, T. D., & Liepman, M. R. (n.d.).

Publication year

1987

Journal title

Journal of abnormal psychology

Volume

96

Issue

2

Page(s)

122-126

10.1037/0021-843X.96.2.122

Abstract

Abstract

An interest in reducing relapse among alcoholics has led to a consideration of stimulus control factors in drinking. Research suggests that through classical conditioning alcoholics may develop reactions to cues previously associated with drinking and that these reactions might be an important determinant of relapse. Although this model indicates the potential for cue exposure treatment methods to alter conditioned reactions, data on reactivity to alcohol cues by alcoholics and nonalcoholics are scarce. Two studies are presented that address this issue and provide evidence for the validity of salivation as a measure of cue reactivity. Alcoholics and nonalcoholics were presented with the sight and smell of their preferred brand of alcohol and a control beverage. Self-report, behavioral, and psychophysiological data were collected. Alcoholics salivated more than nonalcoholics to alcohol cues and more to alcohol than to the control beverage. Alcoholics salivated differentially to cues, whereas nonalcoholics did not. Patterns of reactivity were consistent with a conditioning model. Both groups reported greater urges to drink alcohol in the presence of alcohol, but neither group reported more thoughts about alcohol in the presence of alcohol as compared with the control beverage. Implications of salivary reactivity for theory and treatment are discussed.

Reactivity to high risk situations and smoking cessation outcome.

Abrams, D., Niaura, R., Abrams, D. B., Monti, P. M., & Pedraza, M. (n.d.).

Publication year

1989

Journal title

Journal of substance abuse

Volume

1

Issue

4

Page(s)

393-405

Abstract

Abstract

Smokers' reactions to a laboratory assessment that simulated high-risk-for-smoking-relapse situations were monitored prior to and at the end of treatment for smoking cessation. Measures included self-reported urges to smoke, efficacy, anxiety, behaviorally rated coping effectiveness, and heart rate. Observed pretreatment responses were unrelated to smoking outcome at the end of treatment. Univariate analyses indicated that decreased efficacy and coping effectiveness and increased urges at the end of treatment were related to relapse during 6-month follow-up. However, multivariate analysis demonstrated that these relationships were a function of the end-of-treatment smoking level. When end-of-treatment smoking rate was controlled for statistically, only increased heart rate response during the assessment predicted smoking status at 6 months. The theoretical significance of the findings is discussed.

Reactivity to smoking cues and relapse : Two studies of discriminant validity

Abrams, D., Abrams, D. B., Monti, P. M., Carey, K. B., Pinto, R. P., & Jacobus, S. I. (n.d.).

Publication year

1988

Journal title

Behaviour Research and Therapy

Volume

26

Issue

3

Page(s)

225-233

10.1016/0005-7967(88)90003-4

Abstract

Abstract

Little is known about the role that smoking cues play in relapse after smoking cessation. Two studies examined the psychophysiologic, behavioral and cognitive reactions of Ss who participated in a smoking cue-exposure trial (CUET). Study 1 compared male relapsers, long-term quitters and nevers-mokers (controls). Relapsers had significantly higher anxiety and urges to smoke than either quitters or controls. Relapsers also had greater heart-rate (HR) reactivity and were rated by judges as having less effective coping skills than controls. In Study 2 the CUET was tested prospectively in a treatment outcome study for smoking cessation. Responses on the CUET at pre-treatment were related to smoking status at 6 months post-treatment. Prospective quitters had significantly less HR reactivity during the CUET and reported less anxiety than the smokers. There was some lack of consistency across response modes in the results of Studies 1 and 2. Taken together, the two studies suggest that reactivity to smoking cues may play a role in smoking relapse.

Reasons for Smoking and Severity of Residual Nicotine Withdrawal Symptoms When Using Nicotine Chewing Gum

Abrams, D., NIAURA, R. S., GOLDSTEIN, M. G., WARD, K. D., & ABRAMS, D. B. (n.d.).

Publication year

1989

Journal title

British Journal of Addiction

Volume

84

Issue

6

Page(s)

681-687

10.1111/j.1360-0443.1989.tb03485.x

Abstract

Abstract

Prior to smoking cessation treatment using nicotine chewing gum, 65 smokers completed the Horn Reasons for Smoking Test, the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire and were assessed on measures of smoking history including saliva cotinine concentration. These measures were used to predict severity of residual nicotine withdrawal symptoms and urges to smoke assessed on a daily basis during the first 2 weeks of attempted abstinence. Univariate analyses indicated that smoking for reasons of handling, craving and to cope with negative affect correlated positively with both residual withdrawal symptoms and urges during the first week. Smoking for reasons of stimulation and habit were also correlated positively with residual withdrawal, and smoking for pleasure correlated with urges to smoke. After controlling for concurrent level of nicotine gum use, analyses suggested that only smoking for reasons of stimulation predicted residual withdrawal. Urges to smoke were positively related to level of smoking during treatment and also to smoking for reasons of craving and handling. Thus, it appears that individual differences in reasons for smoking influence severity of residual nicotine withdrawal symptoms and urges to smoke while chewing nicotine gum. The findings for stimulation smoking and withdrawal are discussed in terms of the reinforcing properties of nicotine with different routes of administration.