Michael H Merson

Interim Chair of the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences

Clinical Professor of Global and Environmental Health

Professional overview

Michael Merson is Interim Chair of the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences and a Clinical Professor of Global and Environmental Health at NYU. He also the William Joklik Emeritus Professor of Medicine and Global Health at Duke University, where he served as the founding director of the Duke Global Health Institute and as Vice President and Vice Provost for Global Affairs. His current research is focused on policy issues related to the response to pandemics, evaluating the rollout of Paxlovid in low-income countries and on ways to regain trust in public health.

Prior to NYU, he joined the faculty at Yale University as its first Dean of Public Health. Before entering academia, between 1980 and 1995, Dr. Merson served as director of the World Health Organization (WHO) programs on Diarrheal Diseases and Acute Respiratory Infections, and subsequently the WHO Global Program on AIDS. He has authored over 150 articles, is the senior editor of a leading global health textbook “Global Health: Disease, Programs, Systems, and Policies” and lead author of The AIDS Pandemic: Searching for a Global Response on the history of the global response to AIDS. He has served in advisory capacities for UNAIDS, WHO, the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB and Malaria, World Bank, World Economic Forum, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and was an advisor to various private sector entities on the COVID-19 pandemic. He has two honorary degrees and is a member of the National Academy of Medicine.

Education

B.A., 1966, cum laude, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts

M.D., 1970, summa cum laude, SUNY, Health Sciences Center at Brooklyn, New York

Honors and awards

Consortium of Universities for Global Health (CUGH) Distinguished Leadership Award (2018)

Duke Medical Alumni Association Distinguished Faculty Award (2017)

Master Teacher Award in Preventive Medicine, Downstate Medical Center (2010)

Outstanding Contribution to the Campaign Against HIV/AIDS, Russian Association Against AIDS (2000)

Connecticut Health Commissioner’s AIDS Leadership Award (1998)

Connecticut Health Commissioner’s AIDS Leadership Award (1997)

Frank Babbott Alumni Award (1995)

Surgeon General's Exemplary Service Medal (1993)

Commendation Medal, US Public Health Service; (1986)

Arthur S. Flemming Award for Outstanding Federal Service (1983)

Commendation Medal, US Public Health Service (1975)

Publications

Publications

Programma VOZ po bor'be s diareǐnymi bolezniami : sostoianie i perspektivy razvitiia--organizatsionno-operativnyǐ komponent programmy.

Merson, M. H., Litvinov, S. K., Merson, M. H., Oblapenko, G. P., Herniman, R., & Lishnevskiǐ, M. S. (n.d.).

Publication year

1985

Journal title

Zhurnal Mikrobiologii Epidemiologii i Immunobiologii

Issue

6

Page(s)

93-98

Abstract

Abstract

~

Rapid self testing for HIV infection

Merson, M. H., Feldman, E. A., Bayer, R., & Stryker, J. (n.d.).

Publication year

1997

Journal title

Lancet

Volume

349

Issue

9048

Page(s)

352-353

10.1016/S0140-6736(96)08260-8

Abstract

Abstract

~

Relationship between enterotoxin production and serotype in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

Merson, M. H., Ørskov, F., Ørskov, I., Sack, R. B., Huq, I., & Koster, F. T. (n.d.).

Publication year

1979

Journal title

Unknown Journal

Volume

23

Issue

2

Page(s)

325-329

10.1128/iai.23.2.325-329.1979

Abstract

Abstract

The authors examined the relationship between serotype and enterotoxin production in 109 enterotoxigenic E. coli strains isolated from 109 patients with severe cholera-like diarrhea in Dacca, Bangladesh. Of 69 strains producing both heat-labile and heat-stable toxins, 59 (86%) belonged to the one of four O serogroups, and 56 (81%) of these strains belonged to one of six O:K:H serotypes. In contrast, 34 strains producing only heat-stable toxin were distributed among 15 O serogroups, and six strains producing only heat-labile toxin were distributed among six O serogroups. Twelve strains producing heat-labile and heat-stable toxins and five strains producing heat-stable toxin were found which had the same serotype (O78:K-:H12) and biotype. It appears that at least in one geographic setting E. coli strains producing both heat-labile and heat-stable toxins are more restricted in their O groups and O:K:H serotypes than E. coli that produce only heat-stable toxin and that certain serobiotypes may commonly include strains which produce both toxin types.

Research in action : From AIDS to global health to impact. A symposium in recognition of the scientific contributions of Professor Joep Lange

Boender, T. S., Barré-Sinoussi, F., Cooper, D., Goosby, E., Hankins, C., Heidenrijk, M., De Jong, M., Kazatchkine, M., Laoye, F., Merson, M. H., Reiss, P., Rinke De Wit, T. F., Rogo, K., Schellekens, O., Schultsz, C., Sigaloff, K. C., Simon, J., & Zewdie, D. (n.d.).

Publication year

2015

Journal title

Antiviral Therapy

Volume

20

Issue

1

Page(s)

101-108

10.3851/IMP2946

Abstract

Abstract

~

Results of the NIMH collaborative HIV/Sexually transmitted disease prevention trial of a community popular opinion leader intervention

NIMH Collaborative HIV/STD Prevention Trial Group, A., Caceres, C. F., Celentano, D. D., Coates, T. J., Hartwell, T. D., Kasprzyk, D., Kelly, J. A., Kozlov, A. P., Pequegnat, W., Rotheram-Borus, M. J., Solomon, S., Woelk, G., Wu, Z., Dyatlov, R., Ganesh, A. K., Li, L., Sivaram, S., Somlai, A. M., Benotsch, E. G., … Lawrence, J. S. (n.d.).

Publication year

2010

Journal title

Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

Volume

54

Issue

2

Page(s)

204-214

10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181d61def

Abstract

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether community populations in community popular opinion leader intervention venues showed greater reductions in sexual risk practices and lower HIV/sexually transmitted disease (STD) incidence than those in comparison venues. METHODS: A 5-country group-randomized trial, conducted from 2002 to 2007, enrolled cohorts from 20 to 40 venues in each country. Venues, matched within country on sexual risk and other factors, were randomly assigned within matched pairs to the community popular opinion leader intervention or an AIDS education comparison. All participants had access to condoms and were assessed with repeated in-depth sexual behavior interviews, STD/HIV testing and treatment, and HIV/STD risk-reduction counseling. Sexual behavior change and HIV/STD incidence were measured over 2 years. RESULTS: Both intervention and comparison conditions showed declines of approximately 33% in risk behavior prevalence and had comparable diseases incidence within and across countries. CONCLUSIONS: The community-level intervention did not produce greater behavioral risk and disease incidence reduction than the comparison condition, perhaps due to the intensive prevention services received by all participants during the assessment. Repeated detailed self-review of risk behavior practices coupled with HIV/STD testing, treatment, HIV risk-reduction counseling, and condom access can themselves substantially change behavior and disease acquisition.

Rethinking pandemic metrics : are composite indices enough?

Marín-Carballo, C., Tran, B., Tang, S., Merson, M. H., & Joarder, T. (n.d.).

Publication year

2025

Journal title

The Lancet Global Health

10.1016/S2214-109X(25)00002-6

Abstract

Abstract

~

Returning home : Reflections on the USA's response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic

Merson, M. H., & Merson, M. H. (n.d.).

Publication year

1996

Journal title

Lancet

Volume

347

Issue

9016

Page(s)

1673-1676

10.1016/S0140-6736(96)91494-4

Abstract

Abstract

~

Salmonellosis in the united states, 1968-1974

Ryder, R. W., Merson, M. H., Pollard, R. A., & Gangarosa, E. J. (n.d.).

Publication year

1976

Journal title

Journal of Infectious Diseases

Volume

133

Issue

4

Page(s)

483-486

10.1093/infdis/133.4.483

Abstract

Abstract

~

Scombroid Fish Poisoning : Outbreak Traced to Commercially Canned Tuna Fish

Merson, M. H., Baine, W. B., Gangarosa, E. J., & Swanson, R. C. (n.d.).

Publication year

1974

Journal title

JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association

Volume

228

Issue

10

Page(s)

1268-1269

10.1001/jama.1974.03230350040026

Abstract

Abstract

In February 1973, scombroid fish poisoning occurred in 232 persons who had eaten from either of two lots of commercially canned tuna. Cases occurred in four states, with no reported hospitalizations or deaths. Patients became ill about 45 minutes after eating the fish; symptoms lasted about eight hours. Contaminated fish contained histamine levels of 68 to 280 mg/100 gm of fish muscle.

Serologic differentiation between antitoxin responses to infection with Vibrio cholerae and enterotoxin-producing Escherichia coli

Svennerholm, A. M., Holmgren, J., Black, R., Levine, M., & Merson, M. H. (n.d.).

Publication year

1983

Journal title

Unknown Journal

Volume

147

Issue

3

Page(s)

514-522

10.1093/infdis/147.3.514

Abstract

Abstract

A ganglioside enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to study and attempt to differentiate between antitoxin responses in persons infected with either Vibrio cholerae or Escherichia coli producing heat-labile enterotoxin. In most cases (69%-94%), experimentally infected North Americans and naturally infected Bangladeshis responded to either infection with significant (greater than twofold) increases in serum antibody titer to both heat-labile enterotoxin and cholera toxin. In all but one instance, the response was higher to the homologous than to the heterologous toxin, and for the Americans the homologous antitoxin titers remained significantly higher for at least one year. Determination of levels of antibodies to purified subunits A and B of cholera toxin by an ELISA showed that V. cholerae infection in most instances induced a significant response to subunit B but rarely to subunit A. E. coli infection, on the other hand, induced only slight increases in antibody titer to either subunit.

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Reinfection : A Case Series From a 12-Month Longitudinal Occupational Cohort

Mack, C. D., Tai, C., Sikka, R., Grad, Y. H., Maragakis, L. L., Grubaugh, N. D., Anderson, D. J., Ho, D., Merson, M. H., Samant, R. M., Fauver, J. R., Barrett, J., Sims, L., & Difiori, J. (n.d.).

Publication year

2022

Journal title

Clinical Infectious Diseases

Volume

74

Issue

9

Page(s)

1682-1685

10.1093/cid/ciab738

Abstract

Abstract

Findings are described in 7 patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 reinfection from the National Basketball Association 2020-2021 occupational testing cohort, including clinical details, antibody test results, genomic sequencing, and longitudinal reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction results. Reinfections were infrequent and varied in clinical presentation, viral dynamics, and immune response.

Shigellosis at sea : An outbreak aboard a passenger cruise ship

Merson, M. H., Tenney, J. H., Meyers, J. D., Wood, B. T., Wells, J. G., Rymzo, W., Cline, B., Dewitt, W. E., Skaliy, P., & Mallison, G. F. (n.d.).

Publication year

1975

Journal title

American Journal of Epidemiology

Volume

101

Issue

2

Page(s)

165-175

10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112081

Abstract

Abstract

Between June 23 and June 30. 1973, 90% of 650 passengers and at least 35% of 299 crew members experienced a diarrheal illness during a 7-day Caribbean cruise aboard a passenger cruise liner. Symptoms were consistent with shigellosis, and Shigella flexneri 6. Boyd 88 biotype, was isolated from rectal swabs taken from 8 of 35 ill passengers and 33 of 294 crew members. Epidemiologic evidence incriminated the ship's water, including ice, as the probable vehicle of transmission, and elevated coliform counts were found in potable water samples obtained aboard the vessel at the peak of the outbreak. Potential sources of contamination of the vessel's potable water supply were investigated, and improvements in the loading and chlorination of potable water were recommended.

Slowing the spread of HIV : Agenda for the 1990s

Merson, M. H. (n.d.).

Publication year

1993

Journal title

Science

Volume

260

Issue

5112

Page(s)

1266-1268

10.1126/science.8493570

Abstract

Abstract

~

Solid-phase microtiter radioimmunoassay blocking test for detection of antibodies to Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin

Merson, M. H., Greenberg, H. B., Levine, M. M., Merson, M. H., Sack, R. B., Sack, D. A., Valdesuso, J. R., Nalin, D., Hoover, D., Chanock, R. M., & Kapikian, A. Z. (n.d.).

Publication year

1979

Journal title

Journal of Clinical Microbiology

Volume

9

Issue

1

Page(s)

60-64

Abstract

Abstract

The development of a solid-phase microtiter radioimmunoassay blocking test to detect serum antibody to Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin is described. The assay is easy to perform and quantitate, and it is sensitive and specific.

Strategies used in the detection of Acute/early HIV infections. The NIMH multisite acute HIV infection study : I

Kerndt, P. R., Dubrow, R., Aynalem, G., Mayer, K. H., Beckwith, C., Remien, R. H., Truong, H. H., Uniyal, A., Chien, M., Brooks, R. A., Vigil, O. R., Steward, W. T., Merson, M. H., Rotheram-Borus, M. J., & Morin, S. F. (n.d.).

Publication year

2009

Journal title

AIDS and Behavior

Volume

13

Issue

6

Page(s)

1037-1045

10.1007/s10461-009-9580-8

Abstract

Abstract

Acute/early HIV infection plays a critical role in onward HIV transmission. Detection of HIV infections during this period provides an important early opportunity to offer interventions which may prevent further transmission. In six US cities, persons with acute/early HIV infection were identified using either HIV RNA testing of pooled sera from persons screened HIV antibody negative or through clinical referral of persons with acute or early infections. Fifty-one cases were identified and 34 (68%) were enrolled into the study; 28 (82%) were acute infections and 6 (18%) were early infections. Of those enrolled, 13 (38%) were identified through HIV pooled testing of 7,633 HIV antibody negative sera and 21 (62%) through referral. Both strategies identified cases that would have been missed under current HIV testing and counseling protocols. Efforts to identify newly infected persons should target specific populations and geographic areas based on knowledge of the local epidemiology of incident infections.

Structural interventions in public health

Merson, M. H., Blankenship, K. M., Bray, S. J., & Merson, M. H. (n.d.).

Publication year

2000

Journal title

AIDS

Volume

14

Issue

11 SUPPL.

Page(s)

S11-S21

10.1097/00002030-200006001-00003

Abstract

Abstract

Objective: To review structural interventions in public health, identify distinct approaches to structural interventions, and assess their implications for HIV-prevention interventions. Method: The MEDLINE, HealthStar, PsychInfo and Sociofile databases were searched on specific health issues, types of public health interventions, and conceptual topics (e.g. empowerment, social structure, and inequality) to compile a list of public health interventions in the United States. We excluded interventions focused on testing and surveillance unless they specifically facilitated prevention, and educational or media campaigns focused on increasing individuals' level of knowledge about a particular health problem. Results: The term 'structural' is used to refer to interventions that work by altering the context within which health is produced or reproduced. Structural interventions locate the source of public-health problems in factors in the social, economic and political environments that shape and constrain individual, community, and societal health outcomes. We identified two dimensions along which structural interventions can vary. They may locate the source of health problems in factors relating to availability, acceptability, or accessibility; and they may be targeted at the individual, organizational, or environmental levels. All together, this framework suggests nine kinds of structural interventions, and it is possible to identify examples of each kind of intervention across a range of public health issues. Conclusions: The relevance of this framework for developing HIV prevention interventions is considered. (C) 2000 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.

Success hinges on support for treatment

Hale, P., Makgoba, M. W., Merson, M. H., Quinn, T. C., Richman, D. D., Vella, S., Wabwire-Mangen, F., Wain-Hobson, S., & Weiss, R. A. (n.d.).

Publication year

2001

Journal title

Nature

Volume

412

Issue

6844

Page(s)

272

10.1038/35085656

Abstract

Abstract

~

Surgical capacity building in uganda through twinning, technology, and training camps

Haglund, M. M., Kiryabwire, J., Parker, S., Zomorodi, A., MacLeod, D., Schroeder, R., Muhumuza, M., & Merson, M. H. (n.d.).

Publication year

2011

Journal title

World Journal of Surgery

Volume

35

Issue

6

Page(s)

1175-1182

10.1007/s00268-011-1080-0

Abstract

Abstract

Background: Neurosurgical capacity is extremely deficient in East African countries where 27 neurosurgeons serve more than 250 million people. To build capacity, the Duke University Medical Center and New Mulago Hospital in Uganda applied a two-pronged twinning approach that placed usable surplus equipment in a developing country's National Hospital, combined with dedicated comprehensive surgical training camps. Methods: Neurosurgery, anesthesiology, nursing, and clinical engineering personnel supported three training camps. More than 21 tons of essential equipment was delivered to New Mulago Hospital in Uganda. Data was collected during the 2-year period preceding and following the initiation of the program. Results: During the 2 years after the program began, neurosurgery demonstrated a significant increase (180%) in the number and complexity of cases performed (p < 0.0001). Multiple cases performed in a single day increased eightfold (p < 0.0001), with utilization of elective operating room days improving from 43 to 98%. There was no change in the number of hospital admissions over the 4 years (p > 0.1), but there was a dramatic increase in the overall number of procedures performed by all surgical specialties (106%, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Through a twinning program combining delivery of surplus equipment and training camps, capacity building was accomplished and maintained. The program not only built overall surgical capacity, it improved the efficiency and increased the complexity of operative cases performed at the National Hospital in Uganda. This program could serve as a model for twinning, capacity building, and training in other developing countries where surgical disparities are among the greatest.

Surveillance of foodborne disease in the United States, 1971-1972

Merson, M. H., Merson, M. H., Barker, W. H., & Taylor, A. (n.d.).

Publication year

1974

Journal title

Journal of Infectious Diseases

Volume

129

Issue

3

Page(s)

365-368

10.1093/infdis/129.3.365

Abstract

Abstract

Since 1966 the Center for Disease Control (CDC) has maintained surveillance of outbreaks of foodborne disease with the objective of preventing such outbreaks through an understanding of the responsible etiologic agents and contributing factors. In 1968 a standard form for reporting outbreaks to the CDC was made available to all state health departments. A foodborne disease outbreak is defined as an incident in which 2 or more persons experienced a similar illness, usually gastrointestinal, after ingesting a common food; and epidemiologic analysis implicated food as the source of the illness. Data on single cases, except for botulism and chemical poisonings, were not included. In 1972, 301 outbreaks affecting 14,559 persons were reported from 38 states. In contrast, in 1971, 320 outbreaks involving 13,453 persons were reported from 47 states. Laboratory confirmation was obtained in 45% of outbreaks in 1972 and in 29% of outbreaks in 1971. Bacterial pathogens accounted for over two thirds of laboratory confirmed outbreaks and over 95% of laboratory confirmed cases in both years. Chemical food poisonings were the second most commonly confirmed cause of outbreaks in both years. In 1972 and 1971 salmonellae and Staphylococcus aureus together were responsible for over 50% of confirmed outbreaks.

The AIDS epidemic : lessons learned?

Merson, M. H., Merson, M., & Rosenfield, A. (n.d.).

Publication year

2000

Journal title

Lancet

Volume

356

Issue

9236

Page(s)

1204

10.1016/S0140-6736(05)72908-1

Abstract

Abstract

~

The AIDS pandemic : Searching for a global response

Merson, M. H., & Inrig, S. (n.d.).

Publication year

2017

10.1007/978-3-319-47133-4

Abstract

Abstract

This ambitious book provides a comprehensive history of the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Programme on AIDS (GPA), using it as a unique lens to trace the global response to the AIDS pandemic. The authors describe how WHO came initially to assume leadership of the global response, relate the strategies and approaches WHO employed over the years, and expound on the factors that led to the Programme's demise and subsequent formation of the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS(UNAIDS). The authors examine the global impact of this momentous transition, portray the current status of the global response to AIDS, and explore the precarious situation that WHO finds itself in today as a lead United Nations agency in global health. Several aspects of the global response - the strategies adopted, the roads taken and not taken, and the lessons learned - can provide helpful guidance to the global health community as it continues tackling the AIDS pandemic and confronts future global pandemics. Included in the coverage: The response before the global response; Building and coordinating a multi-sectoral response; Containing the global spread of HIV; Addressing stigma, discrimination, and human rights; Rethinking global AIDS governance; UNAIDS and its place in the global response. The AIDS Pandemic: Searching for a Global Response recounts the global response to the AIDS pandemic from its inception to today. Policymakers, students, faculty, journalists, researchers, and health professionals interested in HIV/AIDS, global health, global pandemics, and the history of medicine will find it highly compelling and consequential. It will also interest those involved in global affairs, global governance, international relations, and international development.

The "Bubble" : What Can Be Learned from the National Basketball Association (NBA)'s 2019-20 Season Restart in Orlando during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Mack, C. D., Merson, M. H., Sims, L., Maragakis, L. L., Davis, R., Tai, C. G., Meisel, P., Grad, Y. H., Ho, D. D., Anderson, D. J., Lemay, C., & Difiori, J. (n.d.).

Publication year

2023

Journal title

Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine

Volume

8

Issue

6

Page(s)

1017-1027

10.1093/jalm/jfad073

Abstract

Abstract

Background: The National Basketball Association (NBA) suspended operations in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020. To safely complete the 2019-20 season, the NBA created a closed campus in Orlando, Florida, known as the NBA "Bubble."More than 5000 individuals lived, worked, and played basketball at a time of high local prevalence of SARS-CoV-2. Methods: Stringent protocols governed campus life to protect NBA and support personnel from contracting COVID-19. Participants quarantined before departure and upon arrival. Medical and social protocols required that participants remain on campus, test regularly, physically distance, mask, use hand hygiene, and more. Cleaning, disinfection, and air filtration was enhanced. Campus residents were screened daily and confirmed cases of COVID-19 were investigated. Results: In the Bubble population, 148 043 COVID-19 reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) tests were performed across approximately 5000 individuals; Orlando had a 4% to 15% test positivity rate in this timeframe. There were 44 COVID-19 cases diagnosed either among persons during arrival quarantine or in non-team personnel while working on campus after testing but before receipt of a positive result. No cases of COVID-19 were identified among NBA players or NBA team staff living in the Bubble once cleared from quarantine. Conclusions: Drivers of success included the requirement for players and team staff to reside and remain on campus, well-trained compliance monitors, unified communication, layers of protection between teams and the outside, activation of high-quality laboratory diagnostics, and available mental health services. An emphasis on data management, evidence-based decision-making, and the willingness to evolve protocols were instrumental to successful operations. These lessons hold broad applicability for future pandemic preparedness efforts.

The characteristics and mortality of outpatient acquired pneumonia

Merson, M. H., Moore, M. A., Merson, M. H., Charache, P., & Shepard, R. H. (n.d.).

Publication year

1977

Journal title

Johns Hopkins Medical Journal

Volume

140

Issue

1

Page(s)

9-14

Abstract

Abstract

One hundred fifty four cases of pneumonia occurring over a 6 month period were analyzed. Population characteristics admission diagnoses, causative pathogens, frequency of associated illnesses, antibiotic usage and mortality were evaluated. Despite population characteristics known to predispose to a poor clinical outcome, the mortlity was low, probably because of rapid institution of a single, appropriate antibiotic.

The Future Role of the United States in Global Health : Emphasis on Cardiovascular Disease

on behalf of the, A., Committee on Global Health and the Future of the United States: A Report of the National Academies of Sciences, E. a., Committee on Global Health and the Future of the United States: A Report of the National Academies of Sciences, E. a., Fuster, V., Frazer, J., Snair, M., Vedanthan, R., Dzau, V., Frazer, J., Abbam, G., Batson, A., Burkle, F., Chin, L., Fernald, L. H., Ferguson, S., Lamptey, P., Laxminarayan, R., Merson, M. H., Narasimhan, V., … Puyana, J. C. (n.d.).

Publication year

2017

Journal title

Journal of the American College of Cardiology

Volume

70

Issue

25

Page(s)

3140-3156

10.1016/j.jacc.2017.11.009

Abstract

Abstract

U.S. global health investment has focused on detection, treatment, and eradication of infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, malaria, and human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, with significant results. Although efforts should be maintained and expanded to provide ongoing therapy for chronic infectious disease, there is a pressing need to meet the challenge of noncommunicable diseases, which constitute the highest burden of diseases globally. A Committee of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine has made 14 recommendations that require ongoing commitments to eradication of infectious disease and increase the emphasis on chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease. These include improving early detection and treatment, mitigating disease risk factors, shifting global health infrastructure to include management of cardiovascular disease, developing global partners and private-public ventures to meet infrastructure and funding challenges, streamlining medical product development and supply, increasing research and development capacity, and addressing gaps in global political and institutional leadership to meet the shifting challenge.

The global health and diagnostic (flow) cytometry - Breakthroughs in HIV and tuberculosis

Merson, M. H., & Denny, T. N. (n.d.).

Publication year

2008

Journal title

Cytometry Part B - Clinical Cytometry

Volume

74

Issue

SUPPL. 1

Page(s)

S4-S5

10.1002/cyto.b.20412

Abstract

Abstract

~