Raymond S Niaura
Raymond S Niaura
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Professor of Social and Behavioral Sciences
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Professional overview
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Dr. Raymond Niaura is a psychologist and an expert on tobacco dependence and treatment, as well as substance use and addiction to alcohol. Dr. Niaura researches the biobehavioral substrates of tobacco dependence, including factors that influence adolescent and early adult tobacco use trajectories. He also evaluates behavioral and pharmacological treatments for tobacco cessation, with a particular interest in cessation in disadvantaged population to address public health disparities in tobacco-related burdens of illness and disability.
For eight year, Dr. Niaura was the Director of Science and Training at the Schroeder Institute (SI) for Tobacco Research and Policy Studies at the Truth Initiative, where he also supervised the pre- and post-doctoral training programs. Dr. Niaura has previously taught and conducted research at Brown University, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, the Georgetown Medical Center, and the School of Public Health at University of Maryland. He was also a former President of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco and is a Deputy Editor of the Nicotine and Tobacco Research.
With grants from the National Institutes of Health, numerous foundations, and private industry, Dr. Niaura has published over 400 peer-reviewed articles, commentaries, and book chapters, including the book The Tobacco Dependence Treatment Handbook: A Guide to Best Practices.
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Education
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BA, Psychology (First Class Honors), McGill University, Montreal, CanadaMS, Psychology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJPhD, Psychology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
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Honors and awards
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Research Laureate, American Academy of Health Behavior (2009)University Scholar Award, McGill University (1979)
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Areas of research and study
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Alcohol, Tobacco and Driving PoliciesEvaluationsHealth DisparitiesSubstance AbuseTobacco Control
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Publications
Publications
Assessment to inform smoking cessation treatment
AbstractNiaura, R. S., & Shadel, W. (n.d.).Publication year
2003Abstract~Association of e-Cigarette Use with Discontinuation of Cigarette Smoking among Adult Smokers Who Were Initially Never Planning to Quit
AbstractKasza, K. A., Edwards, K. C., Kimmel, H. L., Anesetti-Rothermel, A., Cummings, K. M., Niaura, R. S., Sharma, A., Ellis, E. M., Jackson, R., Blanco, C., Silveira, M. L., Hatsukami, D. K., & Hyland, A. (n.d.).Publication year
2021Journal title
JAMA network openVolume
4Issue
12AbstractImportance: Cigarette smokers not planning to quit are often overlooked in population studies evaluating the risk-benefit potential of electronic nicotine delivery products (e-cigarettes). Objective: To evaluate whether e-cigarette use is associated with discontinuing cigarette smoking among smokers who were initially never planning to quit. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cohort study used US nationally representative data from the longitudinal Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study (waves 2-5 conducted between October 2014 and November 2019), with participants evaluated in 3 pairs of interviews. Adult daily cigarette smokers initially not using e-cigarettes and with no plans to ever quit smoking for good (2489 observations from 1600 individuals) were included. Exposures: e-Cigarette use (ie, daily use, nondaily use, or no use) at follow-up interview among smokers not using e-cigarettes at baseline interview. Main Outcomes and Measures: The main outcomes were discontinuation of cigarette smoking (ie, no cigarette smoking) and discontinuation of daily cigarette smoking (ie, no daily cigarette smoking) at follow-up interview. Generalized estimating equations were used to evaluate the association between the exposure and each outcome, controlling for demographic characteristics and cigarettes smoked per day at baseline interview; all estimates were weighted. Results: The weighted population of adult daily cigarette smokers who were not using e-cigarettes and had no plans to ever quit smoking, based on data from 1600 participants, was 56.1% male (95% CI, 53.4%-58.7%), 10.1% Hispanic (95% CI, 8.2%-12.3%), 10.1% non-Hispanic Black (95% CI, 8.7%-11.7%), 75.6% non-Hispanic White (95% CI, 72.9%-78.2%), and 4.2% of other non-Hispanic race (95% CI, 3.3%-5.4%); 29.3% were aged 55 to 69 years (95% CI, 26.2%-32.6%), 8.9% were aged 70 years or older (95% CI, 6.8%-11.5%), 36.8% did not graduate from high school (95% CI, 34.1%-39.6%), 55.2% had an annual household income of less than $25000 (95% CI, 52.3%-58.1%), 37.6% smoked 20 to 29 cigarettes per day (95% CI, 34.7%-40.6%), and 12.7% smoked 30 or more cigarettes per day (95% CI, 10.9%-14.7%). Overall, 6.2% of the population (95% CI, 5.0%-7.5%) discontinued cigarette smoking. Discontinuation rates were higher among those who used e-cigarettes daily (28.0%; 95% CI, 15.2%-45.9%) compared with not at all (5.8%; 95% CI, 4.7%-7.2%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 8.11; 95% CI, 3.14-20.97). Furthermore, 10.7% (95% CI, 9.1%-12.5%) discontinued daily cigarette smoking, with higher rates of discontinuation observed among those who used e-cigarettes daily (45.5%; 95% CI, 27.4%-64.9%) compared with not at all (9.9%; 95% CI, 8.2%-11.8%; aOR, 9.67; 95% CI, 4.02-23.25). Nondaily e-cigarette use was not associated with cigarette discontinuation (aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.08-3.35) or daily cigarette discontinuation (aOR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.44-2.09). Conclusions and Relevance: In this cohort study, daily e-cigarette use was associated with greater odds of cigarette discontinuation among smokers who initially had no plans to ever quit smoking. These findings support the consideration of smokers who are not planning to quit when evaluating the risk-benefit potential of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation in the population.Association of TAS2R38 haplotypes and menthol cigarette preference in an African American cohort
AbstractRisso, D., Sainz, E., Gutierrez, J., Kirchner, T., Niaura, R. S., & Drayna, D. (n.d.).Publication year
2017Journal title
Nicotine and Tobacco ResearchVolume
19Issue
4Page(s)
493-494Abstract~Association of tobacco product use with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) prevalence and incidence in Waves 1 through 5 (2013–2019) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study
AbstractNiaura, R. S., Paulin, L. M., Halenar, M. J., Edwards, K. C., Lauten, K., Stanton, C. A., Taylor, K., Hatsukami, D., Hyland, A., MacKenzie, T., Mahoney, M. C., Niaura, R., Trinidad, D., Blanco, C., Compton, W. M., Gardner, L. D., Kimmel, H. L., Lauterstein, D., Marshall, D., & Sargent, J. D. (n.d.).Publication year
2022Journal title
Respiratory ResearchVolume
23Issue
1AbstractBackground: We examined the association of non-cigarette tobacco use on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) risk in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study. Methods: There were 13,752 participants ≥ 40 years with Wave 1 (W1) data for prevalence analyses, including 6945 adults without COPD for incidence analyses; W1–5 (2013–2019) data were analyzed. W1 tobacco use was modeled as 12 mutually-exclusive categories of past 30-day (P30D) single and polyuse, with two reference categories (current exclusive cigarette and never tobacco). Prevalence and incidence ratios of self-reported physician-diagnosed COPD were estimated using weighted multivariable Poisson regression. Results: W1 mean (SE) age was 58.1(0.1) years; mean cigarette pack-years was similar for all categories involving cigarettes and exclusive use of e-cigarettes (all > 20), greater than exclusive cigar users (< 10); and COPD prevalence was 7.7%. Compared to P30D cigarette use, never tobacco, former tobacco, and cigar use were associated with lower COPD prevalence (RR = 0.33, (95% confidence interval—CI) [0.26, 0.42]; RR = 0.57, CI [0.47, 0.70]; RR = 0.46, CI [0.28, 0.76], respectively); compared to never tobacco use, all categories except cigar and smokeless tobacco use were associated with higher COPD prevalence (RR former = 1.72, CI [1.33, 2.23]; RR cigarette = 3.00, CI [2.37, 3.80]; RR e-cigarette = 2.22, CI [1.44, 3.42]; RR cigarette + e-cigarette = 3.10, CI [2.39, 4.02]; RR polycombusted = 3.37, CI [2.44, 4.65]; RR polycombusted plus noncombusted = 2.75, CI]1.99, 3.81]). COPD incidence from W2-5 was 5.8%. Never and former tobacco users had lower COPD risk compared to current cigarette smokers (RR = 0.52, CI [0.35, 0.77]; RR = 0.47, CI [0.32, 0.70], respectively). Compared to never use, cigarette, smokeless, cigarette plus e-cigarette, and polycombusted tobacco use were associated with higher COPD incidence (RR = 1.92, CI [1.29, 2.86]; RR = 2.08, CI [1.07, 4.03]; RR = 1.99, CI [1.29, 3.07]; RR = 2.59, CI [1.60, 4.21], respectively); exclusive use of e-cigarettes was not (RR = 1.36, CI [0.55, 3.39]). Conclusions: E-cigarettes and all use categories involving cigarettes were associated with higher COPD prevalence compared to never use, reflecting, in part, the high burden of cigarette exposure in these groups. Cigarette—but not exclusive e-cigarette—use was also strongly associated with higher COPD incidence. Compared to cigarette use, only quitting tobacco was protective against COPD development.Associations between repression, general maladjustment, body weight, and body shape in older males : The normative aging study
AbstractNiaura, R. S., Stroud, L. R., Todaro, J., Ward, K. D., Spiro, A., Aldwin, C., Landsberg, L., & Weiss, S. T. (n.d.).Publication year
2003Journal title
International Journal of Behavioral MedicineVolume
10Issue
3Page(s)
221-238AbstractWe examined relationships between repression, general maladjustment, body mass Index (BMI), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). The participants were 1,081 healthy older men from the Normative Aging Study. Repression and General Maladjustment Scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory were composite measures of personality. Repression was associated with lower BMI and WHR, and maladjustment with higher BMI and WHR. However, associations between WHR and personality dimensions were no longer significant when controlling for BMI, but associations between BMI and personality dimensions remained significant when controlling for WHR. These effects were explained by differing relationships between WHR, repression, and maladjustment for normal weight, overweight, and obese individuals. Specifically, associations between repression, maladjustment, and body shape were significant for normal weight and overweight individuals, but not for obese individuals. Health behaviors including smoking did not mediate relationships between repression, maladjustment, and body shape, but might be considered in future studies as mechanisms underlying links between personality and body shape.Associations of risk factors of e-cigarette and cigarette use and susceptibility to use among baseline PATH study youth participants (2013–2014)
AbstractSawdey, M. D., Day, H. R., Coleman, B., Gardner, L. D., Johnson, S. E., Limpert, J., Hammad, H. T., Goniewicz, M. L., Abrams, D. B., Stanton, C. A., Pearson, J. L., Kaufman, A. R., Kimmel, H. L., Delnevo, C. D., Compton, W. M., Bansal-Travers, M., Niaura, R. S., Hyland, A., & Ambrose, B. K. (n.d.).Publication year
2019Journal title
Addictive BehaviorsVolume
91Page(s)
51-60AbstractIntroduction: Improved understanding of the distribution of traditional risk factors of cigarette smoking among youth who have ever used or are susceptible to e-cigarettes and cigarettes will inform future longitudinal studies examining transitions in use. Methods: Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted using data from youth (ages 12–17 years) who had ever heard of e-cigarettes at baseline of the PATH Study (n = 12,460) to compare the distribution of risk factors for cigarette smoking among seven mutually exclusive groups based on ever cigarette/e-cigarette use and susceptibility status. Results: Compared to committed never users, youth susceptible to e-cigarettes, cigarettes, or both had increasing odds of risk factors for cigarette smoking, with those susceptible to both products at highest risk, followed by cigarettes and e-cigarettes. Compared to e-cigarette only users, dual users had higher odds of nearly all risk factors (aOR range = 1.6–6.8) and cigarette only smokers had higher odds of other (non-e-cigarette) tobacco use (aOR range = 1.5–2.3), marijuana use (aOR = 1.9, 95%CI = 1.4–2.5), a high GAIN substance use score (aOR = 1.9, 95%CI = 1.1–3.4), low academic achievement (aOR range = 1.6–3.4), and exposure to smoking (aOR range = 1.8–2.1). No differences were observed for externalizing factors (depression, anxiety, etc.), sensation seeking, or household use of non-cigarette tobacco. Conclusions: Among ever cigarette and e-cigarette users, dual users had higher odds of reporting traditional risk factors for smoking, followed by single product cigarette smokers and e-cigarette users. Understanding how e-cigarette and cigarette users differ may inform youth tobacco use prevention efforts and advise future studies assessing probability of progression of cigarette and e-cigarette use.Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms and smoking patterns among participants in a smoking-cessation program
AbstractLerman, C., Audrain, J., Tercyak, K., Hawk, L. W., Bush, A., Crystal-Mansour, S., Rose, C., Niaura, R. S., & Epstein, L. H. (n.d.).Publication year
2001Journal title
Nicotine and Tobacco ResearchVolume
3Issue
4Page(s)
353-359AbstractPrevious research has suggested an increased liability to smoking among individuals with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This link is thought to be attributable, in part, to nicotine's beneficial effects on attention and performance. In the present study, we examined the association of ADHD symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity with smoking behavior in a sample of 226 male and female smokers ages 18 and older who were enrolled in a smoking-cessation program. Prior to treatment, they completed measures of ADHD symptoms and standardized measures of smoking patterns. Hierarchical linear regression models were used to characterize the smoking patterns associated with ADHD inattention and hyperactivity symptoms, controlling for potential confounder variables. Smoking for stimulation purposes and the urge to smoke to minimize withdrawal symptoms were the primary patterns associated with ADHD inattention symptoms, while hyperactivity symptoms were not associated with smoking patterns. Consistent with a self-medication hypothesis, these results suggest that smokers with frequent symptoms of inattention may use nicotine as a stimulant drug to help manage these symptoms. Future studies of the role of inattention symptoms in response to smoking treatment are warranted.Attentional processes in alcohol-mediated aggression
AbstractNiaura, R. S., Zeichner, A., Pihl, R. O., Niaura, R., & Zacchia, C. (n.d.).Publication year
1982Journal title
Journal of Studies on AlcoholVolume
43Issue
7Page(s)
714-724Abstract~Attribution and alcohol-mediated aggression
AbstractPihl, R., Zeichner, A., Niaura, R. S., Nagy, K., & Zacchia, C. (n.d.).Publication year
1981Journal title
Journal of Abnormal PsychologyVolume
90Issue
5Page(s)
468-475Abstract~Author Response to E-cigarettes and Respiratory Disorder : The Broader Research Context
AbstractSargent, J. D., Edwards, K. C., Emond, J., Tanski, S., Taylor, K. A., Pierce, J. P., Goniewicz, M. L., Niaura, R. S., Anic, G., Chen, Y., Callahan-Lyon, P., Gardner, L. D., Thekkudan, T., Borek, N., Kimmel, H. L., Michael Cummings, K., Hyland, A., & Brunette, M. (n.d.).Publication year
2023Journal title
Nicotine and Tobacco ResearchVolume
25Issue
6Page(s)
1217-1218Abstract~Authoritative parenting and cigarette smoking among multiethnic preadolescents : The mediating role of anti-tobacco parenting strategies
AbstractStanton, C. A., Highland, K. B., Tercyak, K. P., Luta, G., & Niaura, R. S. (n.d.).Publication year
2014Journal title
Journal of pediatric psychologyVolume
39Issue
1Page(s)
109-119AbstractIntroduction Parenting has been shown to affect smoking among children in U.S. majority groups, but less is known about this association among multiethnic urban populations. Our study examines the role of parenting on smoking among a highly diverse sample. Methods Health surveys were collected from eighth graders (N = 459) in 2 low-income urban schools. Structural equation models examined the direct and indirect effects of authoritative parenting on lifetime smoking. A moderated mediation analysis examined whether indirect effects of authoritative parenting vary among racial/ethnic groups. Results Authoritative controlling parenting, characterized by limit setting, was positively associated with anti-tobacco parenting. Anti-tobacco parenting was inversely associated with smoking, mediating the relationship between controlling parenting and smoking. There was no evidence that mediation was moderated by race/ethnicity. Conclusions Parent training, which focuses on setting rules and expectations, can be an important and universal element of smoking prevention programs targeted to youth in diverse communities.Balancing Consideration of the Risks and Benefits of E-Cigarettes
AbstractBalfour, D. J., Benowitz, N. L., Colby, S. M., Hatsukami, D. K., Lando, H. A., Leischow, S. J., Lerman, C., Mermelstein, R. J., Niaura, R. S., Perkins, K. A., Pomerleau, O. F., Rigotti, N. A., Swan, G. E., Warner, K. E., & West, R. (n.d.).Publication year
2021Journal title
American journal of public healthVolume
111Issue
9Page(s)
1661-1672AbstractThe topic of e-cigarettes is controversial. Opponents focus on e-cigarettes' risks for young people, while supporters emphasize the potential for e-cigarettes to assist smokers in quitting smoking. Most US health organizations, media coverage, and policymakers have focused primarily on risks to youths. Because of their messaging, much of the public - including most smokers - now consider e-cigarette use as dangerous as or more dangerous than smoking. By contrast, the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine concluded that e-cigarette use is likely far less hazardous than smoking. Policies intended to reduce adolescent vaping may also reduce adult smokers' use of e-cigarettes in quit attempts. Because evidence indicates that e-cigarette use can increase the odds of quitting smoking, many scientists, including this essay's authors, encourage the health community, media, and policymakers to more carefully weigh vaping's potential to reduce adult smoking-attributable mortality. We review the health risks of e-cigarette use, the likelihood that vaping increases smoking cessation, concerns about youth vaping, and the need to balance valid concerns about risks to youths with the potential benefits of increasing adult smoking cessation.Balfour et al. Respond
AbstractBalfour, D. J., Benowitz, N. L., Colby, S. M., Hatsukami, D. K., Lando, H. A., Leischow, S. J., Lerman, C., Mermelstein, R. J., Niaura, R. S., Perkins, K. A., Pomerleau, O. F., Rigotti, N. A., Swan, G. E., Warner, K. E., & West, R. (n.d.).Publication year
2022Journal title
American journal of public healthVolume
112Issue
1Page(s)
e5-e6Abstract~Balfour et al. Respond
AbstractBalfour, D. J., Benowitz, N. L., Colby, S. M., Hatsukami, D. K., Lando, H. A., Leischow, S. J., Lerman, C., Mermelstein, R. J., Niaura, R. S., Perkins, K. A., Pomerleau, O. F., Rigotti, N. A., Swan, G. E., Warner, K. E., & West, R. (n.d.).Publication year
2022Journal title
American journal of public healthVolume
112Issue
1Page(s)
e2-e3Abstract~Baseline Characteristics and Generalizability of Participants in an Internet Smoking Cessation Randomized Trial
AbstractCha, S., Erar, B., Niaura, R. S., & Graham, A. L. (n.d.).Publication year
2016Journal title
Annals of Behavioral MedicineVolume
50Issue
5Page(s)
751-761AbstractBackground: The potential for sampling bias in Internet smoking cessation studies is widely recognized. However, few studies have explicitly addressed the issue of sample representativeness in the context of an Internet smoking cessation treatment trial. Purpose: The purpose of the present study is to examine the generalizability of participants enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of an Internet smoking cessation intervention using weighted data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). Methods: A total of 5290 new users on a smoking cessation website enrolled in the trial between March 2012 and January 2015. Descriptive statistics summarized baseline characteristics of screened and enrolled participants, and multivariate analysis examined predictors of enrollment. Generalizability analyses compared demographic and smoking characteristics of trial participants to current smokers in the 2012–2014 waves of NHIS (n = 19,043) and to an NHIS subgroup based on Internet use and cessation behavior (n = 3664). Effect sizes were obtained to evaluate the magnitude of differences across variables. Results: Predictors of study enrollment were age, gender, race, education, and motivation to quit. Compared to NHIS smokers, trial participants were more likely to be female, college educated, and daily smokers and to have made a quit attempt in the past year (all effect sizes 0.25–0.60). In comparisons with the NHIS subgroup, differences in gender and education were attenuated, while differences in daily smoking and smoking rate were amplified. Conclusions: Few differences emerged between Internet trial participants and nationally representative samples of smokers, and all were in expected directions. This study highlights the importance of assessing generalizability in a focused and specific manner. ClinicalTrials.gov: #NCT01544153Behavioral assessment and treatment of alcoholism
AbstractNathan, P., & Niaura, R. S. (n.d.). (J. Mendelson & N. Mello, Eds.; 2nd ed.).Publication year
1985Page(s)
391-456Abstract~Behavioral economic analysis of withdrawal- and cue-elicited craving for tobacco : An initial investigation
AbstractNiaura, R. S., Mackillop, J., Brown, C. L., Stojek, M. K., Murphy, C. M., Sweet, L., & Niaura, R. S. (n.d.).Publication year
2012Journal title
Nicotine and Tobacco ResearchVolume
14Issue
12Page(s)
1426-1434AbstractIntroduction: The role of craving in nicotine dependence remains controversial and may be a function of measurement challenges. The current study used behavioral economic approach to test the hypotheses that subjective craving from acute withdrawal and exposure to tobacco cues dynamically increases the relative value of cigarettes. Methods: Using a 2 (1-hr/12-hr deprivation) × 2 (neutral/tobacco cues) within-subjects design, 33 nicotine dependent adults completed 2 laboratory sessions. Assessment included subjective craving and behavioral economic indices of cigarette demand, namely Intensity (i.e., cigarette consumption at zero cost), Omax (i.e., maximum total expenditure), Breakpoint (i.e., highest acceptable price for cigarettes), Pmax (i.e., price at which consumption becomes sensitive to price), and elasticity (i.e., price sensitivity). Behavioral economic indices were generated using a Cigarette Purchase Task in which participants selected between cigarettes for a subsequent 2-hr self-administration period and money. Results: Main effects of deprivation and tobacco cues were present for subjective craving and multiple behavioral economic indices of cigarette demand. Interestingly, deprivation significantly increased Breakpoint (p ≤.01) and Pmax (p ≤.05) and had trend-level effects on Intensity and Omax (p ≤.10); whereas cues significantly reduced elasticity (p ≤ .01), reflecting lower sensitivity to increasing prices. Heterogeneous associations were evident among the motivational variables but with aggregations suggesting variably overlapping motivational channels. Conclusions: These findings further support a behavioral economic approach to craving and a multidimensional conception of acute motivation for addictive drugs. Methodological considerations, including potential order effects, and the need for further refinement of these findings are discussed.Binge eating, body image, depression, and self-efficacy in an obese clinical population
AbstractCargill, B. R., Clark, M. M., Pera, V., Niaura, R. S., & Abrams, D. B. (n.d.).Publication year
1999Journal title
Obesity ResearchVolume
7Issue
4Page(s)
379-386AbstractObjective: Binge eating disorder appears to be an important factor in obesity treatment. Researchers have proposed that specialized treatment programs be developed to address chronic binge eating behavior. This study was conducted to examine the relationships between binge eating, depression, body image, and self-efficacy. Based on related research, it was hypothesized that depression and negative body image would be greater for binge eaters whereas weight self-efficacy would be lower. Research Methods and Procedures: Subjects were 159 clinic patients participating in a multidisciplinary weight management program. Baseline measurements of binge eating status, body image and related eating behaviors, depression, and self-efficacy were obtained, whereas follow-up measures consisted of weight loss and attendance. Exploratory factor analyses were performed to obtain factors for items contained in the Eating Habits Questionnaire. Chisquare, t-tests, and logistic regression analyses determined relationships between binge eating, body image, depression, and self-efficacy. Results: Univariate comparisons indicated that increased perceptions of poor body image were significantly related to binge eating. Higher levels of depression and lower weight self-efficacy were related to binge eating, but the results were qualified after applying corrective statistics for multiple comparisons. A stepwise regression analysis indicated that body image, particularly characterized by a sense of shame and concern with public appearance, had the strongest relationship to binge eating among all the factors examined in this study. Discussion: These findings extend current understanding of the relationships between binge eating, body image, depression, and self-efficacy. The significance of body image, especially in relation to negative social consciousness, was determined when comparing several psychological and behavioral factors thought to influence binge eating. Further research is needed to determine the causal relationships between binge eating and the other factors examined in this study.Biomarkers of exposure among adult smokeless tobacco users in the population assessment of Tobacco and health study (WAVE 1, 2013-2014)
AbstractNiaura, R. S., Cheng, Y. C., Reyes-Guzman, C. M., Christensen, C. H., Rostron, B. L., Edwards, K. C., Wang, L., Feng, J., Jarrett, J. M., Ward, C. D., Xia, B., Kimmel, H. L., Conway, K., Leggett, C., Taylor, K., Lawrence, C., Niaura, R., Travers, M. J., Hyland, A., … van Bemmel, D. M. (n.d.).Publication year
2020Journal title
Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and PreventionVolume
29Issue
3Page(s)
659-667AbstractBackground: Monitoring population-level toxicant exposures from smokeless tobacco (SLT) use is important for assessing population health risks due to product use. In this study, we assessed tobacco biomarkers of exposure (BOE) among SLT users from the Wave 1 (2013-2014) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study. Methods: Urinary biospecimens were collected from adults ages 18 and older. Biomarkers of nicotine, tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), volatile organic compounds (VOC), metals, and inorganic arsenic were analyzed and reported among exclusive current established SLT users in comparison with exclusive current established cigarette smokers, dual SLT and cigarette users, and never tobacco users. Results: In general, SLT users (n ¼ 448) have significantly higher concentrations of BOE to nicotine, TSNAs, and PAHs compared with never tobacco users; significant dose-response relationships between frequency of SLT use and biomarker concentrations were also reported among exclusive SLT daily users. Exclusive SLT daily users have higher geometric mean concentrations of total nicotine equivalent-2 (TNE2) and TSNAs than exclusive cigarette daily smokers. In contrast, geometric mean concentrations of PAHs and VOCs were substantially lower among exclusive SLT daily users than exclusive cigarette daily smokers. Conclusions: Our study produced a comprehensive assessment of SLT product use and 52 biomarkers of tobacco exposure. Compared with cigarette smokers, SLT users experience greater concentrations of some tobacco toxicants, including nicotine and TSNAs. Impact: Our data add information on the risk assessment of exposure to SLT-related toxicants. High levels of harmful constituents in SLT remain a health concern.Biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress among adult former smoker, current e-cigarette users—results from wave 1 PATH study
AbstractChristensen, C. H., Chang, J. T., Rostron, B. L., Hammad, H. T., van Bemmel, D. M., Del Valle-Pinero, A. Y., Wang, B., Mishina, E. V., Faulcon, L. M., DePina, A., Brown-Baker, L. N., Kimmel, H. L., Lambert, E., Blount, B. C., Vesper, H. W., Wang, L., Goniewicz, M. L., Hyland, A., Travers, M. J., … Chang, C. M. (n.d.).Publication year
2021Journal title
Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and PreventionVolume
30Issue
10Page(s)
1947-1955AbstractBackground: Former smokers who currently use e-cigarettes have lower concentrations of biomarkers of tobacco toxicant exposure than current smokers. It is unclear whether tobacco toxicant exposure reductions may lead to health risk reductions. Methods: We compared inflammatory biomarkers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, IL6, fibrinogen, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1) and an oxidative stress marker (F2-isoprostane) among 3,712 adult participants in Wave 1 (2013–2014) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study by tobacco user groups: dual users of cigarettes and e-cigarettes; former smokers who currently use e-cigarettes-only; current cigarette-only smokers; former smokers who do not currently use any tobacco; and never tobacco users. We calculated geometric means (GM) and estimated adjusted GM ratios (GMR). Results: Dual users experienced greater concentration of F2-isoprostane than current cigarette-only smokers [GMR 1.09 (95% confidence interval, CI, 1.03–1.15)]. Biomarkers were similar between former smokers who currently use e-cigarettes and both former smokers who do not use any tobacco and never tobacco users, but among these groups most biomarkers were lower than those of current cigarette-only smokers. The concentration of F2-isoprostane decreased by time since smoking cessation among both exclusive e-cigarette users (Ptrend ¼ 0.03) and former smokers who do not currently use any tobacco (Ptrend ¼ 0.0001). Conclusions: Dual users have greater concentration of F2-isoprostane than smokers. Exclusive e-cigarette users have biomarker concentrations that are similar to those of former smokers who do not currently use tobacco, and lower than those of exclusive cigarette smokers. Impact: This study contributes to an understanding of the health effects of e-cigarettes.Brief behavioral treatment
AbstractShadel, W., & Niaura, R. S. (n.d.).Publication year
2003Abstract~Bupropion and cognitive-behavioral treatment for depression in smoking cessation
AbstractBrown, R. A., Niaura, R. S., Lloyd-Richardson, E. E., Strong, D. R., Kahler, C. W., Abrantes, A. M., Abrams, D. S., & Miller, I. W. (n.d.).Publication year
2007Journal title
Nicotine and Tobacco ResearchVolume
9Issue
7Page(s)
721-730AbstractThis study is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial examining the effects of an intensive cognitive-behavioral mood management treatment (CBTD) and of bupropion, both singularly and in combination, on smoking cessation in adult smokers. As an extension of our previous work, we planned to examine the synergistic effects of CBTD and bupropion on smoking cessation outcomes in general and among smokers with depression vulnerability factors. Participants were 524 smokers (47.5% female, Mage=44.27 years) who were randomized to one of four 12-week treatments: (a) standard, cognitive-behavioral smoking cessation treatment (ST) plus bupropion (BUP), (b) ST plus placebo (PLAC), (c) standard cessation treatment combined with cognitive-behavioral treatment for depression (CBTD) plus BUP, and (d) CBTD plus PLAC. Follow-up assessments were conducted 2, 6, and 12 months after treatment, and self-reported abstinence was verified biochemically. Consistent with previous studies, bupropion, in comparison with placebo, resulted in better smoking outcomes in both intensive group treatments. Adding CBTD to standard intensive group treatment did not result in improved smoking cessation outcomes. In addition, neither CBTD nor bupropion, either alone or in combination, was differentially effective for smokers with single-past-episode major depressive disorder (MDD), recurrent MDD, or elevated depressive symptoms. However, findings with regard to recurrent MDD and elevated depressive symptoms should be interpreted with caution given the low rate of recurrent MDD and the low level of depressive symptoms in our sample. An a priori test of treatment effects in smokers with these depression vulnerability factors is warranted in future clinical trials.Bupropion efficacy for smoking cessation is influenced by the DRD2 Taq1A polymorphism : Analysis of pooled data from two clinical trials
AbstractDavid, S. P., Strong, D. R., Munafò, M. R., Brown, R. A., Lloyd-Richardson, E. E., Wileyto, P. E., Evins, E. A., Shields, P. G., Lerman, C., & Niaura, R. S. (n.d.).Publication year
2007Journal title
Nicotine and Tobacco ResearchVolume
9Issue
12Page(s)
1251-1257AbstractWe analyzed pooled data from two comparable randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials of bupropion pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation for which data on DRD2 Taq1A genotype were available. A total of 722 smokers across the two trials were randomized to 10 weeks of sustained-release bupropion hydrochloride or placebo. General estimating equation analysis demonstrated a significant gene × drug interaction (B = 0.87, SE = 0;0.34, p = .009). Smokers with the A2/A2 genotype using bupropion were more than three times as likely, relative to placebo, to be abstinent at end of treatment (35.2% vs. 15.1%; OR = 3.25, 95% CI 2.00-5.28) and at 6 months of follow-up (26.7% vs. 12.2%; OR = 2.81, 95% CI 1.66-4.77), which was attenuated by 12 months (16.3% vs. 10.7%; OR = 1.70, 95% CI 0.95-3.05). We found no significant benefit of bupropion relative to placebo on smoking cessation outcomes at any time point in participants with A1/A1 or A1/A2 genotypes. These data suggest that bupropion may be effective for smoking cessation only in a subgroup of smokers with the DRD2 Taq1 A2/A2 genotype.Bupropion for pharmacologic relapse prevention to smoking - Predictors of outcome
AbstractHurt, R. D., Wolter, T. D., Rigotti, N., Hays, J. T., Niaura, R. S., Durcan, M. J., Gonzales, D., Sachs, D. P., Johnston, J. A., & Offord, K. P. (n.d.).Publication year
2002Journal title
Addictive BehaviorsVolume
27Issue
4Page(s)
493-507AbstractThe aim of this study was to identify predictors of successful relapse prevention in smokers receiving long-term sustained-release bupropion. Smokers (N=784) who were interested in stopping smoking were enrolled in a 7-week, open-label bupropion phase. Abstinent subjects at the end of treatment and eligible to proceed (N=429) were randomized to active bupropion or placebo through Week 52 and then followed for an additional year. The best overall predictor of less relapse to smoking was assignment to active bupropion. In aggregate, the results indicate that bupropion can be prescribed to diverse populations of smokers with expected comparable results. There was a medication effect that was independent of any predictor except older age and those who gained no or minimal weight during the open-label phase. Predictors of successful relapse prevention included lower baseline smoking rates, a Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire score ofBupropion SR for relapse prevention : A "slips-allowed" analysis
AbstractDurcan, M. J., Johnston, J. A., White, J., Gonzales, D., Sachs, D. P., Rigotti, N., & Niaura, R. S. (n.d.).Publication year
2004Journal title
American Journal of Health BehaviorVolume
28Issue
5Page(s)
456-463AbstractObjective: To assess the efficacy of bupropion SR on smoking abstinence using a "slips allowed" analysis. Methods: Retrospective analysis, which did not consider brief episodic "slips" as a return to regular smoking, of data from a multicenter, randomized, double- blind, placebo-controlled relapse prevention study. Results: Using a slips-allowed analysis, median time to relapse on bupropion SR was 65 weeks versus 30 weeks on placebo. This is compared to 32 and 20 weeks, respectively, using a traditional analysis not allowing for slips. Conclusion: Bupropion SR is efficacious for the prevention of smoking relapse. A slips-allowed analysis may provide a more clinically relevant assessment of efficacy.